Isaiah Davis Essays (1606 words) - Shakespearean Comedies

Isaiah Davis characterizations? Are we more likely to champion Helena as a feminist hero (or a virgin hero) or are progressive contemporary patrons more likely to castigate her excessive obsequiousness? Furthermore, do modern spectators jar at the play's archaic folk themes? Do we embrace the fairy-tale as we do television sitcoms or do we dismiss the tired plot machinations and mechanical devices? Is there fresh wisdom to be gained from this conventional, 17th century play? Perhaps Shakespeare's tale--now simultaneously old and new--resonates for contemporary audiences most particularly. Certainly our fascination with miracle health cures and talk shows that feature such topics as "Men Afraid of Commitment," "Bad Men and the Women Who Love Them," and "Effeminate Men and Feminizes" can find purchase in Shakespeare's text. Our culture is still fascinated with generational tensions (how many times have we heard our parents lament bygone days when children were more respectful of their elders, people were more concerned with moral values, and Shakespeare was more accessible!) and identity politics (Is Helena a bitch? a feminist? an ingratiating doormat? Is Bertram a wimp? One of the themes that emerges from Shakespeare's comedy All's Well That Ends Well is the conflict between old and new, age and youth, wisdom and folly, reason and passion. As one critic points out, a simple glance at the characters of the play reveals an almost equally balanced cast of ol d and young. "In performance it is apparent that the youth of the leading characters, Helena, Bertram, Diana and Parolles, is in each case precisely balanced by the greater age of their counterparts, the Countess, the King of France, the Widow of Florence and the old counselor Lafeu."1 Indeed, the dialectic between youth and age is established in the first act as the Countess sees a mirror of her former self in Helena's love sick countenance in scene three when she exclaims "Even so it was with me when I was young," and Bertram's worthiness to the ailing King of France in the previous scene appears to hang upon his youthful resemblance to his deceased father. As the King explains, "Such a man might be a copy to these younger times,/Which followed well would demonstrate them now/But goers-backward" [I.2. 49-51]. Like so many literary youths of his day, Shakespeare went backward for his source material for All's Well and based the play on Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron. Boccaccio's early sixteenth-century story revolves around Giletta of Narbona, the daughter of a wealthy and respected physician. Giletta, like Helena (the daughter of the deceased--and indigent--Gerard de Narbonne), falls in love with young count Beltramo, follows him to Paris where she remedies the King's incurable disease, and, because of her newly-acquired royal favor, is granted the right to demand a husband: Beltramo. Despite the King's elitist reluctance to grant Giletta her wish (which contrasts the Shakespearean monarch's unmitigated blessing), he keeps his promise and orders the count to marry the physician's daughter. The rest of Boccaccio's story proceeds in like fashion to Shakespeare's with the exception of Giletta's arrival at Rossiglione (vs. Rossillion) with twin sons as opposed to a single fetus. As W. W. Lawrence points out, conventional folk motifs such as "The Fulfillment of the Tasks" and "The Healing of the King" undergird Boccacio's--and thus Shakespeare's--tale.2 In addition to theses narrative devices, the play also contains another folk motif, that of the "bed-trick"--a frequently used convention in Renaissance drama that allows one lover to be substituted for another unbeknownst to the first party of a particular amorous tryst. Shakespeare relies on tradition to provide character types for him as well as thematic elements. The puffed-up Platean soldier or miles gloriosus figure makes his appearance in All's Well in the guise of Parolles, who "descends from a venerable line of braggart warriors, talkers and not doers, who originate with Aristophanes and then swagger their way through Menander, Plautus, and Terrence into Elizabethan comedy."3 Thus, Shakespeare collects old conventions, devices and stock characters to create a new fairy-tale, one that bears the distinctive mark of tradition but reveals new insights. For Shakespeare's archetypal story is one that gives genesis to some difficult questions. As many critics testify, All's Well differs from many of Shakespeare's other comedies

Pro spanking in schools

Pro spanking in schools Introduction Pro spanking is a form of punishment that is encouraged by only a few in the 21st century; however this was a common practice in the early years. Those who advocate for corporal punishment, base their arguments on the need to discipline children, as an effective form of child rearing. Needless to say, pro-spanking is a debatable issue, which depends on how parents and teachers define this practice.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pro spanking in schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, some parents may define pro spanking as a mere slap, while others see the need to hit the child severally. Needless to say, in a society where crime rate is high, suspension alone, is not effective in cases of indiscipline in school; therefore, there is need to advocate for pro spanking as a form of discipline. This paper will discuss the importance of encouraging pro spanking in school. Advocating for pro-sp anking in schools Many countries such as the United States and Sweden have declared that corporal punishment has harmful effects on children; however these countries have suffered the consequences that arise from the ban of spanking. Kettle argues that since the ban of spanking in Sweden, child abuse rates rose over 500%, as a result the Swedish parents resulted to beating up their children, compared to the United States children, (Para 7). Deprivation of privileges and suspension as forms of punishment for children are not effective compared to pro- spanking. Pro spanking enables the child to understand the power of a teacher and his position. In addition, a child’s fear of pro spanking will act as a mechanism of maintaining discipline. The use of spanking in schools can only be effective when used appropriately as a disciplinary action; however over-using spanking may create a wrong impression for the student. Inflicting severe pain on a child, which leaves wounds and cuts is unacceptable and affect emotional well being of a child. However the correct use of spanking enables a student to understand his mistakes and avoid indiscipline practices. Millei, Griffiths and Parkers, emphasize on the need for behavior management, discipline, and management of the learning environment, therefore teachers result to different mechanisms of improving discipline, (2). As a result, discipline in schools maintains high standards, however it is important for the society to note the difference between pro spanking and physical abuse. Spanking causes pain to the targeted student, which aims at correcting his unethical behavior, whilst physical abuse involves use of force by an adult that can cause injury to the child, (Chang, Pettit, and Katsurada, 282).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A study which involved interviewing college students regarding their attitude s towards spanking, revealed that: the respondents supported physical punishment in cases of indiscipline, (Chang, Pettit, and Katsurada, 282). Currently spanking is legal in several states of the United States, despite several critics facing pro spanking such as; a form of abuse, negative emotional effects and aggressive behaviors, discipline must be maintained. However pro spanking should not be misused, as it may create confusion among students, this traditional form of discipline should not be banned. Currently, it is the only method that can be successful, once used correctly. The book of proverbs 23:13 advocates for a child‘s discipline, whereby a guardian is encourage to embrace discipline, by the use of a rod, (Anthony and Canfield, 78). Refusal to embrace a child’s indiscipline practices, but instead administer punishment is a sign of love, once a minor learns that there are consequences for his actions; he will be reluctant to engage in unethical behavior. Whe n a child’s unethical behaviors are ignored by the school administration, there is a high probability that a child may not learn the importance of ethics; as a result, the possibility of delinquent behavior is high. Needless to say compared to other forms of discipline such as suspending, expelling or grounding a child, which all have short-term effects, pro-spanking has immediate effects and can be administered both in school and at home. When teachers administer pro spanking, wise students are capable of avoiding certain behaviors, which are likely to elicit punishment; in addition compliance from the child is fostered. Pro spanking in schools is a cost effective method of discipline, which does not require extra costs to maintain or administer, as compared to rehabilitation which may require high costs. Finally, a child can be disciplined with love at school, through the use of pro-spanking, when a teacher explains to the student the reason behind spanking, the student wil l avoid any behavior that could lead to the same experience, which inflicts pain. Conclusion Effective use of pro spanking in schools, fosters discipline, only if administered in non-abusive forms, which are safe and effective. When students learn that pro spanking can only be administered following indsciplinary actions, they will be in a position to accept the consequences of their actions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pro spanking in schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Needless to say, pro- spanking in schools must be handled with care, thereafter, positive character will be achieved in children. In addition, use of pro- spanking as a form of disciplining students in school, influences high grades, this is because the child is likely to devote his time on books, rather than in mischievous behavior. Anthony, Michelle and Canfield, Ken. A Theology for Family Ministry: B H Publishing Group, 2011. Web. http s://books.google.com/books?id=0rrYM8uOzm4Cpg=PA78dq=proverbs+23:+13+14hl=ensa=Xei=gXqKT43_IMrItAajleXaCwved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=proverbs%2023%3A%2013%20-14f=false Chang, IJ., Pettit, Rebecca and Katsurada, Emiko. â€Å"Where and When to Spank: A Comparison between U.S. And Japanese College Students.† Journal of Family Violence: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc, (2006) 21:281–286.Web. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4hid=122sid=735efcc9-4f66-4944-9136-b3b2d06217b6%40sessionmgr14 Kettle, Theodore. Pro-Spanking Studies May Have Global Effect. NewsMax, 2010. Web. network54.com/Forum/198833/thread/1262937031/last-1263592600/Pro-Spanking+Studies+May+Have+Global+Effect Millei, Gregor., Griffiths, Tom, and Paerkes, Rebecca. Re-Theorizing Discipline in Education: Problems, Politics, Possibilities: Peter Lang Publishers, 2010. Web. https://books.google.com/books?id=79ujFPePbpkCpg=PA2dq=importance+of+pro-spanking+in+schoolshl=ensa=Xei=VGmKT8aiEcjcsg bL5bjbCwved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepageq=importance%20of%20pro-spanking%20in%20schoolsf=false

Managing Diversity at Cityside Financial Services Essay - 1

Managing Diversity at Cityside Financial Services - Essay Example It should be noted that the impact of diversity on human capital management and development is multi-dimensional, i.e. it has different forms and characteristics, being aligned with the environment and the culture of each organization. The above trend is verified in the literature published in the particular field. In accordance with Stalcup (2008) the promotion of diversity across an organization could be secured through a series of different plans; the introduction of succession policies that ensure diversity at all (or certain) levels of the organizational hierarchy would be a potential plan of such kind (Stalcup 2008, p.14). In other words, diversity could affect the human capital management of an organization by setting the criteria on which the succession policies of the specific organization will be based. At a next level, diversity sets the term under which the hiring process of an organization will be developed; this fact is highlighted in the study of Sistare et al. (2008, p.16) where emphasis is given on the importance of diversity for the specific part of an organization’s human capital management, i.e. the hiring process. Moreover, it is explained that diversity, as a criterion used for hiring staff, does not threaten the integration of the organization. ... organization’s retention and HR development policies (for instance, the training programs provided to employees of a particular organizational development); the rewarding policies of an organization should also take into consideration the needs for increased diversity in the workplace (Mathis et al. 2008, p.48) Apart from the issues discussed above, another fact should be made clear: diversity could also affect the organizational development in general, i.e. not just the human capital management processes. This issue is explained in the study of Vallabhaneni (2008); in the above study, reference is made to the need for restructuring of the organizational environment in order to promote diversity across a particular organization; in other words, organizations that strongly support diversity have often to update/ restructure their environment in order ‘to respond to the needs of diverse groups of employees’ (Vallabhaneni 2008, p.238). In this way, diversity is get i nvolved in an organization’s development, setting the rules for distributing tasks and organizing activities across the particular organization. The direct involvement of diversity in organizational development is made clear through the following fact: diversity in the workplace has been among the key trends of the human capital management of the 21st century (Lewis et al. 2006, p.20); HR managers who are most capable of responding to the needs of diversity in the workplace are most likely to succeed in organizations of various industrial sectors (Lewis et al. 2006, p.20). In this way, diversity becomes one of the criteria for evaluation of the capability of HR managers to face the challenges of modern market; it is expected that their decisions will be also aligned with the need for increased

How technolgy and information system asserts commercial and industrial Essay

How technolgy and information system asserts commercial and industrial trade - Essay Example technologies and how these in unison with each other form the rationale for the exact basis of the changing business trends, ever so often adopted fads and so on and so forth. (Fitzgerald, 2000) It is quite possible to think of the changing technological regimes in the context of present day business scenarios but when one looks at them from a global standpoint, the ideology related with the technological market can be nothing else but considered flawed in the real sense of the word. For this not to happen, one needs to study the technological angles that are set in individual countries and then categorize them with the regional or on a broader context, continental basis. After this has happened, one could go on and introduce the respective technology on a worldwide footing. All this needs proper understanding of business insights, foreseeable changes in the related scheme of things and a general know-how with regards to the strategies, tactics and activities that an industrial trade or commerce entity would entail whilst keeping in mind the entire business perspective. Technology is advancing at a rapid speed and due to this factor, the business perspectives need to be aligned with these regimes so that in the end there is a complete mesh between the technological advancements and the manner in which they are exploited upon by the commerce and industrial circles, both at the client side as well as the ones who are designing for it, i.e., the advertising agency. (Streeter, 2000) The changes have happened not only on the scientific advancements’ side but also at the forefront of business scenarios which have seemingly changed their stance towar ds the improved and enhanced technologies with the passage of time. However this requires a special effort from the people who are at the helm of affairs within the commerce and industrial circles relating that with the technological settings since this aligning is so very vital to the overall effect and the consequences

MARKETING PLAN Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MARKETING PLAN - Term Paper Example These are individuals/ groups who wish to be in control of their spending, those who are budget conscious and are always in the lookout for good finds and bargains so they could maximize their budget. They will most likely shop in a supermarket that offers one of the lowest prices. They will be interested in a place that is haven for those who wish to stretch their budget. Target market includes both men and women who are contributing to the earnings of the household. They are the decision makers who are in control of identifying which products to purchase for the daily needs of the house. Secondary target market are the children and younger ones who also have great influence in the purchasing decisions of their parents/ guardians. Wal-mart will retail standard supermarkets, both dry and wet goods. It will carry a wide range of products, from beauty and health care, to kitchen items and food, and even garments and small appliances. It will also have a snack counter where shoppers could stop by while finishing their shopping. It will be offer a one-stop shopping convenience that will provide the customers with all the necessary items they usually shop for when visiting a supermarket. Wal-mart will be a warehouse type of supermarket experience. It will have wide aisles, spacious shopping areas that best suit those who buy items in bulk. The store is designed to make shopping comfortable for its customers. Pricing will be competitive – the management will ensure that the store offers the lowest in the industry. The store will also offer loyalty programs for those who are frequent buyers. It will give additional discounts to members of this loyalty programs. Wal-mart will do promotions through local television and radio advertisements. It will also place occasional advertisements in local newspapers on a regular basis. Wal-mart will also do below-the-line advertising via ad placements in billboards situated in key areas in the cities.

Reflection on Assessment Feedback

Reflection on Assessment Feedback Examine and critically reflect upon the feedback given on your first assignment and draft a response to the feedback that demonstrates improvement on your work. In this feedback, Ill be analysing and examining ways I could improve my first assignment. This is the overall feedback I received for my work. You have discussed the principle of separate legal personality and provided examples from cases and academic opinions, but you have not provided your own analysis and opinion about the reform. Various spelling errors also detracts the flow of the essay. In order to improve, you need to summarise the position and form your analysis based on the research that you have made, so that you can critically evaluate the question that you are asked. Having corresponded this feedback this that of my assignment, I have noticed and indicated that areas that these errors occurred and have carefully examined and analysed ways that I can improve that assignment. After the introduction, I went on to the body of the assignment, to discuss the main principles by which unfortunately, I made a repetition of what I previously stated in my introduction. With my next assignment, I will be sure to keep the introduction short and a subtle description of what I will be discussing, without going into a lot of detail as that will only lead to a repetition. Another key factor of my feedback was that, although I did very well to talk about the work with all the relevant articles and legal cases to back it up but unfortunately, I didnt provide enough of my own analysis to demonstrate that I understand the work and my knowledge about the topic. I could have gone into my depth about the Principles of Salomon and the importance of separate legal personality. [1]Lightman J in Acalos and Hutcheson plc v Watson [1995] 1 BCLC 218 well-thought-out that, the principle of separate legal personality must be upheld, except there was to be a precise statutory provision to say otherwise. He said,[2] outside these exceptions (the company) is entitled to organise and conduct its affairs in the expectation that the court will apply the principle of Salomon v A Salomon Co Ltd in the ordinary way. The essential perception of corporative nature, is something that is very much regarded. That is why if the Salomon decision was to be disregarded now, its presence plays a key influence and without it, there could be damaging effects on those individuals such as the shareholders, the creditors and the economy. Little modifications to the corporate model will be essential in entailing a vigilant deliberation for the inadvertent penalties, that it may cause in what is a considered a vastly multifaceted zone. Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd, is without a doubt a landmark case in company law, with the most important decision that was made by the courts, influencing the legal system. It is important that, the principle of Salomon to be sustained and to be engaged in the law, at least until some alternative yet effective methods of reform has been established. Until then, this will be the most effective way to go in helping with decision making, in case laws. [3]It cannot be precisely said when or in what case/situation the courts may decide that they will lift the corporate veil, and to seek whether to look aside from the separate legal personality of the company. In this case, it will be better if this situation of not incorporating the separate legal personality only applied to situations where the courts are sure that this doctrine will be used for unfitting resolutions. It is important that company directors become very vigilante and careful with how they control and manage their businesses, to avoid in future legal battles over their assets. Do not forget that the courts can be very resourceful to find ways and means of a defence to prevent the use of the separate legal personality of the cooperation, so that it can deal with any unlawful effort to use this as any means of an excuse. The corporate veil shouldnt be pierced if it is thought that the company may be using this as an opportunity to cover up their true purpose by using a veil as a means of avoiding any liability that may be to come. Demonstrated in the case of [4]Adams v Adams Industries Plc [1990] Ch 433 which is about separate legal personality and limited liability of shareholders. The case additionally tended to long-standing issues under the English clash of laws in the matter of when a business would be inhabitant in a remote purview with the end goal that the English courts would perceive the international courts over the business. The decision made in [5]Lubbe v Cape Plc [2000] UKHL 41 by the House of Lords and the historic choice in [6]Chandler v Cape plc [2012] EWCA Civ 525 holds that, an immediate obligation might be owed in tort by a primary business to that of the person injured. The significant findings were that the secondary verdict was, Cape plc had presumed obligation for the health a nd safety of its employees and, those affiliates about asbestos. There are many factors from reflecting on my previous assignment along with my feedback, that will benefit me in my future assignments. I know that for my next assignment it is very essential that I apply more of my own opinion with backing articles and legal evidence to support my statements, rather than to state facts only. I also noticed that I made two spelling errors in my first assignment, that I was blindsided by. I have taken a vigilante note of this for my upcoming assignments, to make sure that I give myself enough time to read over my work, before handing in my assignments. Bibliography Books Bourne N, Bourne on company law (4th edn, Routledge-Cavendish 2010) 11 McLaughlin S, Unlocking company law (Routledge 2015) Wild C and Weinstein S, Smith Keenans company law (Pearson Education 2016) Websites Adams v cape industries plc: CA 2 Jan 1990, (Company, 13 July 2016) accessed 20 December 2016 Lubbe and others v cape Plc: CA 24 Aug 1999, (International, 6 July 2015) accessed 20 December 2016 BAILII, Chandler v cape Plc [2012] EWCA civ 525 (25 april 2012) (2012) accessed 20 December 2016 Cases Hutcheson plc v Watson [1995] 1 BCLC 218 Adams v Adams Industries Plc [1990] Ch 433 Lubbe v Cape Plc [2000] UKHL 41 Chandler v Cape plc [2012] EWCA Civ 525 [1] Nicholas Bourne, Bourne on company law (4th edn, Routledge-Cavendish 2010) 11 [2]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Nicholas Bourne, Bourne on company law (4th edn, Routledge-Cavendish 2010) 11 [3] Susan McLaughlin, Unlocking company law (Routledge 2015) [4] Adams v cape industries plc: CA 2 Jan 1990, (Company, 13 July 2016) accessed 20 December 2016 [5] Lubbe and others v cape Plc: CA 24 Aug 1999, (International, 6 July 2015) accessed 20 December 2016 [6] BAILII, Chandler v cape Plc [2012] EWCA civ 525 (25 april 2012) (2012) accessed 20 December 2016

Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago :: Othello essays

Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago In today's society, nothing is really what it seems.   Those great "free-bees" you win are never really free and no deal is really as good as it sounds.   Even people don't seem to be stable anymore because they are always changing to fit the current trend or to blend in with the newest "crowd".   They live their lives covered with a mask and they forget or don't want to be what is most important, themselves, and this is what is called pretending.   The idea of "pretending" is when someone "seems" or acts to be something they are not.   Although we see this happening a lot today, the act of pretending goes back much further.   The act of "pretending" has been used in a lot of early British literature, and it is here that we can see that it can be used for both good and evil purposes.   A good example of each of these is found in Elizabeth's life and writings, and Shakespeare's play, Othello, in the character of Iago.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although it is not that common, the act of pretending can be used in a good way.   This is seen in Queen Elizabeth.   Elizabeth Tudor came to the throne of England in 1558.   During this time, there was a great amount of religious upheaval because England was going through periods of Catholic and Protestant rule.   Elizabeth, being a woman on the throne, had to demonstrate to her people that she was fit to rule the country and would do everything for their best interest.   In order to do this, Elizabeth had to seem to be something she was not.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature states, "throughout her long reign she cultivated two personas . . . As a monarch, she could speak courageously...; as a woman, she could convey understanding..." (475).   In this respect, Elizabeth had to be strong and use her "pretending" for the good of the people, while not showing too much emotion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During her time as queen, Elizabeth addressed parliament both on the subjects of marriage and on her loyalty to her country.   Perhaps she did this because she was questioned about leaving an heir to the throne.   To answer this Elizabeth wrote, And albeit it might please Almighty God to continue me still in this mind to live out of the state of marriage. Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago :: Othello essays Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago In today's society, nothing is really what it seems.   Those great "free-bees" you win are never really free and no deal is really as good as it sounds.   Even people don't seem to be stable anymore because they are always changing to fit the current trend or to blend in with the newest "crowd".   They live their lives covered with a mask and they forget or don't want to be what is most important, themselves, and this is what is called pretending.   The idea of "pretending" is when someone "seems" or acts to be something they are not.   Although we see this happening a lot today, the act of pretending goes back much further.   The act of "pretending" has been used in a lot of early British literature, and it is here that we can see that it can be used for both good and evil purposes.   A good example of each of these is found in Elizabeth's life and writings, and Shakespeare's play, Othello, in the character of Iago.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although it is not that common, the act of pretending can be used in a good way.   This is seen in Queen Elizabeth.   Elizabeth Tudor came to the throne of England in 1558.   During this time, there was a great amount of religious upheaval because England was going through periods of Catholic and Protestant rule.   Elizabeth, being a woman on the throne, had to demonstrate to her people that she was fit to rule the country and would do everything for their best interest.   In order to do this, Elizabeth had to seem to be something she was not.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature states, "throughout her long reign she cultivated two personas . . . As a monarch, she could speak courageously...; as a woman, she could convey understanding..." (475).   In this respect, Elizabeth had to be strong and use her "pretending" for the good of the people, while not showing too much emotion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During her time as queen, Elizabeth addressed parliament both on the subjects of marriage and on her loyalty to her country.   Perhaps she did this because she was questioned about leaving an heir to the throne.   To answer this Elizabeth wrote, And albeit it might please Almighty God to continue me still in this mind to live out of the state of marriage.

Trait-Based Pespectives of Leadership, Zaccaro (2007)

AbstractThis paper is an academic critique of an observational study research article written by Stephen J. Zaccaro (2007) entitled, Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership. The trait-based perspective on leadership was dismissed by many scientific leadership researchers in the mid-20th century. A primary reason was that the research did not account for situational variance in leadership behavior. Quantitative analysis of leadership was difficult in the past. Recent improvements in research methods, such as statistics, have led to resurgence of interest in trait-based leadership theory.Zaccaro (2007) called for researchers to address fundamental issues or critical points, which he defined. He identified a defining core of leadership traits that transcend organizational domains. Finally, he summarized a multistage model that predicts various traits having more distal or proximal effects, accordingly. The author concludes with proposing future directions of research with the goal of ide ntifying universal qualities of effective leaders. IntroductionThe purpose behind this critique is to evaluate an observational study, published in 2007, by Stephen J. Zaccaro entitled, Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership. The globally popular trait-based theory of leadership of the early 20th century lost credibility after World War II. Advances in quantitative analysis methods, concepts, and statistical models provided empirical data that challenged studies that had rejected leader trait models. Zaccaro postulated that by refining common traits and attributes of effective leaders into universally standard categories, such commonalities could be analyzed quantitatively.The author introduced four critical points to be considered in models and theories on trait-based leadership. First, the refinement of multiple leader traits and attributes must be made. Secondly, studies should address how joint combinations of characteristics have an influence on behavior. In this way he explain s the curvilinear  relationships of traits with outcomes that were used to discredit leadership-trait theories. Computer models may now calculate complex multiplicative and curvilinear relationships that were confounders in the past.Third, particular situations may predict success or failure depending various traits. Fourth, similar leader traits may be stable in cross situations while others may be situation-bound. Zacarro (2007) went on to provide a broader definition of leader trait that is focused on personality attributes. He then identified actual traits that are distally and proximally influenced by situational parameters. He then illustrated a multistage model that predicts various traits having more distal or proximal effects. MethodologyThe author conducted a literature review to build his four critical points. In this manner he was also able to refine the meaning of successful and effective leadership as, â€Å"fundamentally, influencing others by establishing a collec tive effort and managing, shaping, and developing the collective activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 9). He then clarified the role of situations into three circumstances which he calls arguments.He analyzed models of leader individual difference and performance into his own, entitled, A Model of Leader Attributes and Leader Performance.Findings and InterpretationsThis category is not applicable in this case since the proposed model has not been tested sufficiently.ConclusionsThe author concludes with proposing a number of possible future directions of research with the goal of identifying universal qualities of effective leaders. His belief is that these recommendations combined with modern methodological and statistical resources will help reach this goal.

Starting a NPO Essays

Starting a NPO Essays Starting a NPO Essay Starting a NPO Essay The proposed Not for profit (NPO) will be a charitable organization with interests in assisting students from low-income backgrounds in their preparations for ACT/SAT.   The first step before starting an NPO is to identify the felt needs of the community.   In this case the problems and challenges majority of the people undergo while preparing for ACT/SAT is a truly felt need amongst the local community members. The above is the major reason for setting up a NPO. Lack of enough funds leads to such students’ mission opportunities which means they are likely to continue being marginalized even in the job market. The urge to help out the people is what drives the need for forming the NPO. Once the need is established, the next step involves registering the NPO in the suitable category, in this case, as a charitable organization.   The Board of Directors plays managerial roles touching on the day-to-day activities of the organization such as fund raising, financial management as well as planning (Anderson, Dunkelberg, 1990).   To select Board members, the criteria involve selection of individuals who are experienced and are of unquestionable character. The chief executive requires being experienced in entrepreneurial management and with an experience of not less than 5 years in a similar capacity. During the incorporation, filing of articles of incorporation is required; this requires signatures of the Board of Directors to be appended in the application.   The articles of association are very crucial in the setting up of an NPO since the stipulation steps necessary for amendment of laws, process such as nomination, expulsion, financial processes, management cyc le, as well as steps to follow up in winding up. In setting up a NPO, the first thing is counter checking whether the chosen name is already in use by another group, if the proposed name is in use, then a unique name should be used and once verified, the NPO should be registered.   It is very necessary for the NPO to be filed with the local state authority through the NPO local offices.   Minutes of Board of Directors meeting and references are all necessary before setting up of an NPO and have to be produced in registration.   The identification of credible funding sources is also very crucial, in reality; a NPO has to incur costs hence the need to s solicit funds for its charitable works. The other necessary step in setting up a NPO is to identify sponsors willing to contribute towards the mission of the NPO. Sponsors can be corporate sector, churches and individuals all of which can gain from their goodwill activities in terms of receiving publicity. Once donors have been identified, one needs to establish communication structures to avoid conflicts and to ensure accountability and therefore achievement of NPO’s goals and objectives. NPOs usually are faced by financial problems and therefore are supposed to take every step to save operational costs. To minimize expenditure, NPOs can file for tax exemption. To file for tax exemption at the local tax authorities the NPO is supposed to have been incorporated with proper articles of association.   NPOs are also supposed to fill forms clarifying the purpose of the NPO as well as financial information form. Conclusion Setting up a NPO is a tedious and cumbersome exercise in the U.S. with a lot of duplicating functions, there is a need for different states to streamline the registration process in order to make it possible for those who have the will to help out in certain causes. There needs to be a one-stop shop in every state and county to help sort out all registration hassles.

Free Essays on Grey Street

and comparisons you used in your speech to them was somewhat ludicrous. Let it be known that no man would be proud to say they knew these kids on that afternoon, yet to draw out and develop the situation using the examples as far as you did simply was far fetched and unjust action. To first of all mention that ND’s proud and high standing reputation was tarnished and â€Å"knocked down a peg,† is a fair and true fact. However, to challenge these boys to question their own morale and think about how badly they hurt the school’s name was blown out of proportion. To accuse them of disgusting the 4,000 fans in attendance is something you should feel bad about exaggerating. Not only could the chants and noises of the ND student section not be heard very clearly on the other side of the arena, but also Fairfield’s side had many discriminating chants that you failed to acknowledge. Furthermore many of the spectators on Notre Dame’s side were middle school children, who I distinctly witnessed many of them wide-eyed and awed at the students’ energy and support of their team. You all accused them of chasing people away from our school in essence, when in fact many of the children in the building definitely felt all the more reaso n to attend ND, given the fact that thei! r student body was so plentiful, supportive, and energetic during the game. If anything, they realized ND students stick together and support one another whole-heartedly. To lecture them on how the fans didn’t â€Å"even support your fellow teamma... Free Essays on Grey Street Free Essays on Grey Street To whom it may concern: Today, the twelfth of March 2001, I was informed that many of your students were reprimanded for their actions during Saturday’s hockey contest. While I too was in attendance and do believe the fans were both boisterous and out of line, there are indeed several aspects to recognize. I will first of all establish that I do not condone the way in which the boys carried themselves; however, the words and comparisons you used in your speech to them was somewhat ludicrous. Let it be known that no man would be proud to say they knew these kids on that afternoon, yet to draw out and develop the situation using the examples as far as you did simply was far fetched and unjust action. To first of all mention that ND’s proud and high standing reputation was tarnished and â€Å"knocked down a peg,† is a fair and true fact. However, to challenge these boys to question their own morale and think about how badly they hurt the school’s name was blown out of proportion. To accuse them of disgusting the 4,000 fans in attendance is something you should feel bad about exaggerating. Not only could the chants and noises of the ND student section not be heard very clearly on the other side of the arena, but also Fairfield’s side had many discriminating chants that you failed to acknowledge. Furthermore many of the spectators on Notre Dame’s side were middle school children, who I distinctly witnessed many of them wide-eyed and awed at the students’ energy and support of their team. You all accused them of chasing people away from our school in essence, when in fact many of the children in the building definitely felt all the more reaso n to attend ND, given the fact that thei! r student body was so plentiful, supportive, and energetic during the game. If anything, they realized ND students stick together and support one another whole-heartedly. To lecture them on how the fans didn’t â€Å"even support your fellow teamma...

Online learning bibliography Annotated Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Online learning - Annotated Bibliography Example For instance, knowledge construction via collaborative discussion is vital since collaboration methods sequence, define, and assign learning activities to distinct learners and can in turn facilitate activities such as construction of arguments during discussions. Leer, R., & Ivanov, S. (2013). Rethinking the future of learning: The possibilities and limitations of technology in education in the 21st century. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 5(4), 14-20. In this article, the author argues that technology is very important in data analysis. By the use of computers, one can assess quantitative data of great magnitude and at a very fast speed much faster than any person can accomplish. Moreover, technology saves on time in data analysis with certain appropriate software in that one can easily analyze data by just entering it in a computer specifying the characteristic to be checked and within no time, the results are ready. Therefore, via online learning, students will be able to access important data at a fast rate and easily. Marchetti, C., & Long, G. (2011). The Importance of Interaction for Academic Success in Online Courses with Hearing, Deaf, and Hard-of-Hearing Students. Retrieved 16 March 2014 from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/1015/1952 In this article, the authors state that online learning is rapidly growing because of advancement in technology. The authors argue that online learning is the best method of learning since it gives a student more interaction options. For instance, online learning promotes student-student interaction and student-instructor socialization, which increases quality of information dissemination. Via online learning, students are in a position to talk directly to their teachers and fellow students using discussion forum features and chat messaging of

Writing Style Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing Style - Research Paper Example For me, the writing process involves several challenges. The first one is organizing ideas. I am lucky to have a teacher in my primary years who emphasized the importance of organization in writing. That teacher taught me that in every composition I make, I should take the initial step of organizing my ideas. I could still remember the exercises we had on outlining, with the main topics and subtopics organized under some roman numerals and letters. This training in writing has been very valuable to me because it makes writing easy. An organized essay is easier to read and understand. In addition, teachers appreciate an organized essay with the main ideas carefully laid out in separate paragraphs. As I move along in schooling, I learned about the challenge of composing a thesis statement. I believe that training students to make plausible thesis statements should be an important aim of Writing teachers. Teaching students to make thesis statements will enable them to achieve emphasis and organization. Identifying the thesis statement goes along with outlining. The thesis statement serves as the guide in expounding a topic and composing paragraphs to make up the essay. In my experience, establishing the thesis statement allows me to expound on the topic without going beyond it. Nevertheless, I still have to improve the way I construct a thesis statement and introduce it in the first part of my composition. The next challenge is expounding ideas. Some people find it easy to expound ideas on any topic. Maybe they are gifted with a lot of information to write about. In my case, I find expounding ideas easy when I am interested in the topic. Personal experience, home decorating, gardening, and entrepreneurship are some topics I find easier to write about, whereas sports, statistics, and environmental issues are some of my waterloos. Academic writing, unlike other forms of writing, also challenges me to use outside sources.