Critique Of Dantes Inferno - 1602 Words

The Inferno is the first part of Dante’s epic poem The Divine Comedy. The Inferno tells the journey of Dante going through Hell, guided by the ancient Roman poet Virgil. In the poem Hell is illustrated as nine circles of torture that is located in the middle of the Earth, the Inferno describes the recognition and the ultimate rejection of sin. Every canto is written in parts of what sinner is being punished, what their punishment is and why they are there. Susan Blow writes a critique of Dante’s Inferno describing his work as one that â€Å"reaches beyond Christianity and speaks to the universal conscience of humanity.† This describes how Dante was able to reach out to audiences and describe the dangers of living in such a sinful mindset. He†¦show more content†¦This act of emotion that Lucifer displays is not one of remorse, but since he cannot be the king of Heaven or God. He is not crying to show remorse, but instead due to the fact that he pities him self. He knows that he can no longer return to Heaven and is now condemned to the deepest realm of Hell to eternity. As JA Scartazzani and Thelka Bernays put it in the Journal of Speculative philosophy , â€Å"treachery is cold, treachery is numb. Not as spark of warm feeling, not a breath of warm and life-giving love, dwells in the traitor’s heart. Even there in the congeals in his eyes. He who can weep is not yet fully hardened.† This gives a deeper insight on to why Hell was so cold because every traitor’s heart was ice cold and did not care who they betrayed. Such as Satan’s heart was cold, even though he would cry it was not because he felt terrible about what happened. Lucifer was furious that he could no longer rule Heaven or return to it for all of eternity. Brutus is a prime example of this as well because he does not even cry instead he sits there and takes his punishment in silence knowing that he is not sorry for anything he did. At every mouth he with his teeth was crunching a sinner, in the manner of a brake, so that the three of them tormented thus. This punishment was extremely torturous to the sinner for the reason that they were constantly being chewed on.Show MoreRelatedEssay on A Critique of Lines 46-57 of Dantes Inferno706 Words   |  3 Pagesfeet’ passage is a famous excerpt from Dante’s Inferno. It is quite inspirational, for good purpose; the passage is half directed at Dante the pilgrim, and half at Dante the poet (his self). He needed just as much inspiration to finish writing the dang thing as his fictional self needed inspiration to make it through hell. That is where Virgil’s brief monologue comes in. Through his words, he is able to hype Dante up enough to want to finish writing Inferno, and make it through hell. But what doesRead MoreDantes Inferno, Up on Your Feet Passage Essay566 Words   |  3 PagesDante Says Up (A critique on Dante’s The Inferno, Up On Your Feet Passage) As the great Norman Vincent Peale once said, â€Å"The trouble with most of us is that we would rather be ruined by praise than saved by criticism.† In Dante’s The Inferno, he creates a vivid image of what his version of hell looks like. Hell isn’t the typical hell, which they talk about in movies. You have to put everything else away when you start to read about Dante’s The Inferno. In Canto XXIV, circle eight, the passage, â€Å"UpRead MoreVoltaire s Candide And Dante s Inferno1562 Words   |  7 PagesIn Voltaire’s Candide and Dante’s Inferno they offer two takes on their views of religion. In Voltaire’s Candide he satires religion and questions it because of how morally corrupt religious are and how wrong it is to persecute another person’s religion. In Dante’s Inferno he reflects and shows why his religious beliefs are the reasons why people are in hell as well as why his religion justifies certain people being in hell. In Voltaire’s Candide religion is one of the main targets of what VoltaireRead MoreThe, The Righteous Politician, Mulan, By Robert D. San Souci1275 Words   |  6 PagesDante, The Righteous Politician; Mulan, The Righteous Activist Dante’s Inferno, although written more than 400 years ago, rings a certain familiarity with audiences everywhere. This epic explores concepts systematic to the development and revival of intimate themes throughout modern and classic works of literature and film. There are a myriad of works and themes that weave the web of modern literature drawing inspiration from and parallel to Inferno’s style and concession. Inferno’s use of culturalRead MoreDont You Dare Give Up: Dantes Divine Comedy Essay538 Words   |  3 Pagesmatters. Life is life and no matter what, giving up on lifelong dreams and aspirations because of a few bumps in the road should never be an option. These lines can be interpreted in various ways, according to that person’s standards. In this case, the critique of canto 24 and the few lines is to never give up, stay strong, and it is worth it in the end. First, life can be a brow-beater; however, it’s these moments when one should not give up, in this case, Dante. We all go through obstacles, feeling likeRead MoreThe Question of Justice in Dantes The Inferno and Shakespeares The Tempest1405 Words   |  6 PagesThe Question of Justice in Dantes The Inferno and Shakespeares The Tempest Dante Alighieri lived in the 13th- and 14th centuries Florence, Italy, and wrote his famous comedy The Inferno in response to the political and social events of his environment. William Shakespeare lived in late 16th and early 17th centuries and his play The Tempest is a critical commentary on the problems facing England at the time. Despite the fact that the two authors lived in different societies at different times,Read MoreReligious And Political Conflicts In Dantes Inferno1637 Words   |  7 Pages1307-1319, Dante wrote the Commedia, an epic poem separated into thirds in which he imagines himself led by the poet Virgil through the descending levels of Hell. The Inferno marks the first section of this trilogy, and I believe Dante uses classical Greek and Biblical references in this work, specifically in Cantos III-V, to critique the 14th century Church. The Hellgate presents the first mythological object Dante encounters on his journey into Hell that parallels early 14th century Christian beliefsRead MoreArts of the Contact Zone by Mary Louise Pratt999 Words   |  4 Pagesshe talks about â€Å"Dante’s Inferno†. She frequently jumps from personal experience into a â€Å"Dante’s Inferno† reference. The references seem to not make any sense right away, but after a closer look and some further research on â€Å"Dante’s Inferno† one can see its relevance to The Pain Scale. While Dante describes Hell as being a horrible place in his poem, you can’t forget that this is only from his point of view. Biss notices this and says that In the second circle of Dantes Inferno, the adulterousRead MoreDante Alighieris Road to Success Essay850 Words   |  4 Pagesmany philosophers have studied, and seems to this day very real, yet rare. However, the reason it isn’t very common isn’t st rictly due to the economy, but the laziness that is acquainted with the term â€Å"freedom.† Dante Alighieri’s famous text The Inferno outlines many moral ideas. In this tale, a man named Dante the Pilgrim takes a voyage into Hell with Virgil. They go through many different levels and circles of Hell that each represents an important sin or crime. Though it is a highly controversialRead MoreDante s Inferno And Shakespeare s King Essay1550 Words   |  7 Pagesafflictions of ourselves and others in an attempt to deny the necessary evils within humanity. By not confronting the truths surrounding the worst in us, however, we become ignorant of a vital and possibly beneficial aspect of human nature. Both Dante’s Inferno and Shakespeare’s King Lear seek to bring attention to human suffering, illustrating our griefs and sorrows as consequences of our own agency. This pain that we inflict upon ourselves, however, can be handled in different ways that further de fine

In Robert J. C. Young’S Book, Postcolonialism, A Very Short

In Robert J. C. Young’s book, Postcolonialism, A Very Short Introduction, he explains â€Å"Postcolonialism claims the right of all people on this earth to the same material and cultural well-being. The reality, though, is that the world today is a world of inequality, and much of the difference fails across the broad division between people of the west and those of the non-west† (2). This sentence sums up the separation of civilizations in various parts of the world due to the consequences of colonialism by European imperialists. There are extreme, long lasting effects that affect many inhabitants of the world today, whether it be poverty or racism. The aftermath of the colonial periods can still, unfortunately, be seen today. The process†¦show more content†¦When the Europeans began taking over, naturally the inhabitants of the developing nations were angry. They already had successful, working systems that were deemed mediocre by foreign British imperialists . This led to inevitable violence and a history of revolt rebellion of attempting to kick the colonizer out. They demanded independence through revolutions. However, once their independence was gained and they were permitted a free country, the country’s situation did not change. The economy and government of the new nation is typically tremendously similar to those who initially colonized. This is due to familiarity and only being exposed to the system the Europeans set in place. With the government and economy not changing in a newly independent nation, the division of the people only grew. The upper/bourgeoisie class is simply replaced with domestic inhabitants rather than white European men. On page 107 of The Wretched of the Earth, Fanon, Fanon explains, â€Å"In the aftermath of independence, the nationals who live in the prosperous regions realize their good fortune and their gut reaction is to refuse to feed the rest of the nation†¦ while a sector grows relative ly wealthy, the rest of the colony continues, or rather sinks into underdevelopment and poverty.† The class struggle between the proletariats/working class and

Hills like White Elephants Feminist Interpretation

Hemingway’s works have largely covered the subject of feminism, and his short story †Hills like white elephants† perfectly portrays a woman who breaks the norms of a society dominated by men and masculinity. As we all know, feminism is a social movement , an ideology which focuses on achieving rights for women . Women should be equal to men in each and every way. We will write a custom essay sample on Feminist Interpretation of Hemingway’s †Hills like White Elephants† or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Hemingway’s short story we have two important characters: The American and The Girl. It should be noted that we can acknowledge only from the nicknames the author gives us that †The American† seems to be superior from a plain old †Girl† . Is the girl American too ? Is she of another nationality? We aren’t told this , but this makes us wonder just how important women were in the 20th century , how much they depended on men , how they didn’t matter in society , how their feelings or opinions were pretty much non existent. This simple question gives a major clue on who is superior and who is inferior in the couple’s relationship. Even from the beginning , when the Girl asks her partner about what they should drink , we can pretty much realise just how much she cares for her boyfriend’s opinions and thoughts. It may seem just as a simple question , but if we analyze the whole text we surely get to the conclusion that the Girl really has surpressed feelings, frustrations , her own thoughts only get voice at the end of the short story , when she finally sees just how her relationship really is. The girl is clearly submissive to her dominant boyfriend, and she wants to do the things that please him. She is inferior in this case as she doesn’t know the Spanish language, she can’t order by herself, she depends on her boyfriend. I think that there are many famales who depend on their partner, but that it is much better to be an independent woman. Women shouldn’t feel inferior to men, they should consider themselves as men’s equals. The woman is clearly used to pleasing her boyfriend and doing whatever he wants. †Although â€Å"Hills Like White Elephants† is primarily a conversation between the American man and his girlfriend, neither of the speakers truly communicates with the other, highlighting the rift between the two. Both talk, but neither listens or understands the other’s point of view. Frustrated and placating, the American man will say almost anything to convince his girlfriend to have the operation, which, although never mentioned by name, is understood to be an abortion.† The American man’s girlfriend is a girl who doesn’t speak up when talking about the abortion. It is clear that she doesn’t want to have it, and even though she doesn’t argue with her boyfriend their conversation is really tensionate. She is the typical american girl in the 20th century, a girl that would to anything for the man she loves, not caring about the consequences. I would now like to talk about Jig’s (the nickname the Girl is given by her boyfriend, we don’t know her actual name) feminist journey thourought the really short story. At the beginning , she really seems to be willing to do anything she can to save her relationship , even have an operation , an abortion . I truly believe she wakes up at one point in the conversation and realises there is nothing to save , that an abortion can’t fix what’s already damaged in the relationship . The American is clearly oblivious to his girlfriend’s or, better said, the mother of his unborn child’s needs and true wishes, and he really pressures her to do something that mainly affects her, she should be the one taking the decision about having a child or not , not anyone else. One quote of the text regarding the feiminist awakening in the Girl’s soul is particularly important and worth mentioning : † Then I’ll do it, I don’t care about me.†(Source : †Hills like white elephants, by Ernest Hemingway from Charters, Ann, Ed. The Story and its Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. 6th Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003). This quote is especially relevant from a feminist point of view. Even though, at first, I actually thought that the woman wants to please her boyfriend and do as he wants her to do, I think that this is the moment she actually realises that everything she’s done so far was only for him, she was careless when it came to her needs, her wishes and she is now actually waking up. She seems to realise just how much her dominant boyfriend is asking of her and she seems to have had enough. If we think about reporting this quote to real life we may say that women, even today, care about their partner’s feeling more than they care about their own person. In today’s relationships men try to dominate women and try to have the upper hand, and women are unfortunately are usually inferior to their partner and get to a point where they feel helpless, with low self-esteem and unhappy. Another quote that gives a glimpse of the Girl’s realization that she does in fact want to keep the baby and doesn’t want to have any operation at all is â€Å"But if I do it, then it will be nice again if I say things are like white elephants, and you’ll like it?† (Source : †Hills like white elephants, by Ernest Hemingway from Charters, Ann, Ed. The Story and its Writer: An Introduction to Short Fiction. 6th Ed. Boston: Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2003) †By this point, midway through the story, the girl has already retracted her previous comment that the surrounding hills look like white elephants, hinting that she wants to keep the baby instead of having an abortion. The man had been upset at this, feigning indifference but pushing for the abortion because he doesn’t want the child. Still hoping to save their broken relationship, the girl asks her boyfriend whether things between them will return to the way they used to be if she goes through with the abortion. Her indecision and desire to placate the man demonstrate her dependence on him. At the same time, however, the mere fact that she asks the question may imply that she believes that nothing can save their relationship.† (Source : SparkNotes Editors. â€Å"SparkNote on Hills Like White Elephants.† SparkNotes.com. SparkNotes LLC. 2007. Web. 19 May 2017) This quote unveils, once again, Jig’s awakening. She subtly hints at the fact that she doesn’t want to have the operation, but wants the relationship between her and the American to be a happy and successfull one, as it once was. She asks this question knowing that things may never be as they once were, she slowly realizes that the relationship has reached its finish, and that no operation can fix what made the couple grow apart. I feel like the Girl’s feelings are finally surfacing, and that the American is at this point as clueless as he can be. The not so long conversation between the two is a real game changer for the relationship. The two aren’t arguing or shouting, but the dialogue is really tensionate, it truly shows that there are a lot of things on the deeper level. The Girl is no longer just a plain girl, she has a voice, she has feelings and she is not afraid to speak up anymore, even though the one she is talking to doesn’t understand much at all. In the end, I am completely sure that she is coming out of her submissive girfriend shell and that she realizes she can be an independent woman, taking care of a child without the help of its father. Hemingway doesn’t actually tells us if the woman decides to have the abortion or not, but from all the subltle hints in the Girl’s dialogue I think it is safe to assume that she is keeping the baby and getting out of the toxic relationship with her overly dominant boyfriend. To conclude my essay, I would like to state the fact that this short story is truly a story of a woman who has her feminist awakening, a woman who gets out of the cage she’s been kept in by her dominant partner, a woman who finally speaks up her mind. Hemingway ingeniously brings to life an independent, strong woman, and a real life situation common to our days. How to cite Feminist Interpretation of Hemingway’s †Hills like White Elephants†, Papers

Sept 12th Essay Example For Students

Sept 12th Essay Submitted by Ken CooperLocation UnknownPlease accept our small contribution to the Sept. 11 fund. The other $5 is from my-6-year-old twins, Dalton and Nora. Our hearts go out to all of you and your families. Submitted by Jamil KhanLocation UnknownYour members are the best of Americahardworking, tolerant, progressive. I only wish I could afford to give more during your hour of need. Submitted by Louis DiamondChicagoI hope that this small amount is helpful in this difficult time. As a health care worker, I wish that I had a union as bold and strong as SEIU has been for janitors. Be well. Be strong. Take care. Submitted by Jim HijiyaLocal 1895American Federation of Teachers Heres the $600 my wife, Barbara, and I got from the tax cut. We figure that the families of your members, especially from local 32Bj, can use the money more than we can. Submitted by Connie MazurNew York, NYSchroder Investment Management North America Inc. Dear Andy: My sincere condolences to the SEIU members and fam ilies who were affected by the tragedy at the World Trade Center last week. The list of people I knew personally who are missing grows daily. It was a horrific and senseless deed. I wanted to send my personal check, which is matched by Schroders, to you as soon as possible. Submitted by Becky and Gene YeatesLocation UnkownMy 12-year-old son withdrew $50 from his savings account. I mentioned to my son I would match the $50. Submitted by Bob O. Location UnkownIm grateful for the opportunity to do something other than watch in horror. United we are stronger. Submitted by James ClancyNepean, Ontario, CanadaNUDGE National Executive Board, National Union of Public and General Employees None of us can change what happened yesterday. But every one of us can change what happens tomorrow. We stand behind you in solidarity, shoulder to shoulder, for as many tomorrows as it takes. Submitted by JEMlynnwoodwashtionwe are 11 years old and we wanted to help, so my 6th grade class at lynnwood intermediat did a fund rasier called coins for caring to rasie money for the red cross. Submitted by Timothy WelpLocal 503, memberPortland, ORI am a MOC who recently came on staff with Local 503. The commitment I see from the members is such a confirmation of why I so strongly believe in unions. Unions are so fundememtally important in at this time when a sense of community seems harder and harder to connect with. The Dept of Revenue, Local 150, leadership is actively engaged in an aggressive campain to involve the lower paid workers in their agency by doing one on one contacts with ten identified work areas. The activists are introducing themselves, and finding out what the workers need. Pretty basic stuff, but often shyed away from by leaders because you have to put yourself and your beliefs out in the open. The general membership is responding, over 30% of their members attended the monthly meeting (thats about 200 members), members unannomously voted to send 500.00 dollars of their treasury funds to the SEIU relief fund, the leaders have set up collection cans throu gh out their complex for folks to make ongoing donations to the SEIU Relief Fund, and the local has plans to revisit another 500.00 dollar pledge next quarter for when the attention of the public might start to waver. The families will need help long into the future when right now they cant imagine their needs. I am speaking from experience as I lost my father, a State Police Officer, in 1967. The fact that people who have never met give what they can to strangers in need is so reassuring. Its a reminder that there is a huge resevoir of power that sometimes just needs a common direction. sorry about the bad spelling, thanks for listening Timothy Submitted by Bob KirkmanNew York, NYSEIU Staff memberI wrote the following as I was trying to come to grips with the feelings I had regarding the events of September 11, 2001. .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 , .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 .postImageUrl , .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 , .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6:hover , .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6:visited , .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6:active { border:0!important; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6:active , .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6 .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u6f868db171a653ae6f01c99dc8129bc6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: God Nature Description EssayPassing through HellNo warningMelting SteelBreaking HeartsOut of the blueMorning skyImagination had not gone there Unbelievable weapons Unthinkable targetsPassing through Hell Crying Ashes Run for your life Wait for Instructions Where can we go? Oh no, Oh no, please God noNo Special Effects No bad movie She was an executive He was a fireman She was a janitorAnd oh by the way it was the apprentices first dayPassing through Hell Posters are everywhere Have you seen No, I havent Our members are missingMy friends are all goneAnd yet Passing through HellHumanity risingRunning to helpAre you OK?Lion like couragePeople suprisingby acts little and large Passing through Hell Dont blame me Wanted Dead or Alive Who is that man?Whos in charge here?Would it be out of order, Or maybe insane,To just be prayingThat Passing through HellNever happens again? Submitted by Paul ZdinakLocal 668 staffer, retiredretired SEIU stafferI was not directly affected but my family was, but it has a happy ending. I retired three years ago as a staff person with Local 668, SEIU, PSSU. My nephew, Alex Sabol, Jr. is a retired naval captain working in the Pentagon. He was at work the day the jetliner hit..but, fortunately, he was on the other side of the Pentagon and got out unharmed. Two weeks prior, his office was movedfrom the side struck by the hijacked jetliner. My brother, Andy, lives in Suffren, N.Y. His neighbors son is a NYC fireman listed as missing and presumed dead. My wife, Faylene, and I sent the SEIU relief fund a $50 check and I donated a pint of blood. Submitted by Marcy ChongDC HQ StaffI work at SEIU Headquarters in DC, but I was at a conference in NYC on the day of the attacks. I felt the hurt and sadness all around me in the city for the day and a half that I was stranded there. It was as tangible as the chemical smell in the air. I came home to DC by train, as the airports were all still closed. Many people in Penn Station voiced concern over the lack of security there in the chaotic crush of people trying to leave the city. Sure enough, our train was halted for a bomb scare as we approached Newark. One thing that became very clear to me, is that we cannot police our way to peace either at home or abroad. The freedom we cherish can only be achieved with a basic level of good will. No amount of police presence could secure Penn Station or most of the public spaces we travel through each day. Our society works, because people feel they have something to gain and something to lose. We need to think about what it is that drove the terrorists to such acts of desperation. True Peace is not merely the absence of violence, but the presence of Justice. Submitted by Lisa Y. Flores1000Fresno, CaliforniaMy cousin is a firefighter, my father is a retired police officer, my sister is a federal worker, and I am a state employee. This incident could have easily happened to mi familia. On Tuesday, I was returning from beautiful San Luis Obispo when I turned on the TV in my hotel room to hear the news of the day while I was getting dressed. When I saw what happened, my first thought was what third world country WAS attacked by terrorists then I realized it was New York City. I realized at the moment ALL our lives have been changed forever by this cowardly act. All week long two televisions has been turned on at work to let us know whats going on. My first thought was of the Port Authority men and women whom I met last year at the SEIU Convention in Pittsburgh names I have forgotten but whose generosity to my local have made a mark on my heart. All week long I have been telling my co-workers that WE have family in that building, and of the generosity of other SEIU locals to us and that now is our time to give back in a BIG way. And now with the update to the SEIU website, I see we have more family members involved. Words cannot express my sadness, but I know my action will. I am reminded of a slogan used by Andy Stern: Pray for the dead, fight for the living. I pray each day for the souls of all those union brothers and sisters who showed me (and my local) kindness and support through the years and I fight for the living, their families. Personally, I will be contributing financially and will be forwarding the e-mail send from Andy to all my co-workers. I will be asking our members (and non-members) to reach VERY deep into their pockets to contribute as well. To think of the lost, of a mother, father, brother, sister, and friend how can we not act? Personally, I will be forwarding a check for $100 to you by the end of the work day because the great family of SEIU is in need, and how could I do anything less? Words / Pages : 1,598 / 24

Isaiah Davis Essays (1606 words) - Shakespearean Comedies

Isaiah Davis characterizations? Are we more likely to champion Helena as a feminist hero (or a virgin hero) or are progressive contemporary patrons more likely to castigate her excessive obsequiousness? Furthermore, do modern spectators jar at the play's archaic folk themes? Do we embrace the fairy-tale as we do television sitcoms or do we dismiss the tired plot machinations and mechanical devices? Is there fresh wisdom to be gained from this conventional, 17th century play? Perhaps Shakespeare's tale--now simultaneously old and new--resonates for contemporary audiences most particularly. Certainly our fascination with miracle health cures and talk shows that feature such topics as "Men Afraid of Commitment," "Bad Men and the Women Who Love Them," and "Effeminate Men and Feminizes" can find purchase in Shakespeare's text. Our culture is still fascinated with generational tensions (how many times have we heard our parents lament bygone days when children were more respectful of their elders, people were more concerned with moral values, and Shakespeare was more accessible!) and identity politics (Is Helena a bitch? a feminist? an ingratiating doormat? Is Bertram a wimp? One of the themes that emerges from Shakespeare's comedy All's Well That Ends Well is the conflict between old and new, age and youth, wisdom and folly, reason and passion. As one critic points out, a simple glance at the characters of the play reveals an almost equally balanced cast of ol d and young. "In performance it is apparent that the youth of the leading characters, Helena, Bertram, Diana and Parolles, is in each case precisely balanced by the greater age of their counterparts, the Countess, the King of France, the Widow of Florence and the old counselor Lafeu."1 Indeed, the dialectic between youth and age is established in the first act as the Countess sees a mirror of her former self in Helena's love sick countenance in scene three when she exclaims "Even so it was with me when I was young," and Bertram's worthiness to the ailing King of France in the previous scene appears to hang upon his youthful resemblance to his deceased father. As the King explains, "Such a man might be a copy to these younger times,/Which followed well would demonstrate them now/But goers-backward" [I.2. 49-51]. Like so many literary youths of his day, Shakespeare went backward for his source material for All's Well and based the play on Giovanni Boccaccio's Decameron. Boccaccio's early sixteenth-century story revolves around Giletta of Narbona, the daughter of a wealthy and respected physician. Giletta, like Helena (the daughter of the deceased--and indigent--Gerard de Narbonne), falls in love with young count Beltramo, follows him to Paris where she remedies the King's incurable disease, and, because of her newly-acquired royal favor, is granted the right to demand a husband: Beltramo. Despite the King's elitist reluctance to grant Giletta her wish (which contrasts the Shakespearean monarch's unmitigated blessing), he keeps his promise and orders the count to marry the physician's daughter. The rest of Boccaccio's story proceeds in like fashion to Shakespeare's with the exception of Giletta's arrival at Rossiglione (vs. Rossillion) with twin sons as opposed to a single fetus. As W. W. Lawrence points out, conventional folk motifs such as "The Fulfillment of the Tasks" and "The Healing of the King" undergird Boccacio's--and thus Shakespeare's--tale.2 In addition to theses narrative devices, the play also contains another folk motif, that of the "bed-trick"--a frequently used convention in Renaissance drama that allows one lover to be substituted for another unbeknownst to the first party of a particular amorous tryst. Shakespeare relies on tradition to provide character types for him as well as thematic elements. The puffed-up Platean soldier or miles gloriosus figure makes his appearance in All's Well in the guise of Parolles, who "descends from a venerable line of braggart warriors, talkers and not doers, who originate with Aristophanes and then swagger their way through Menander, Plautus, and Terrence into Elizabethan comedy."3 Thus, Shakespeare collects old conventions, devices and stock characters to create a new fairy-tale, one that bears the distinctive mark of tradition but reveals new insights. For Shakespeare's archetypal story is one that gives genesis to some difficult questions. As many critics testify, All's Well differs from many of Shakespeare's other comedies

Pro spanking in schools

Pro spanking in schools Introduction Pro spanking is a form of punishment that is encouraged by only a few in the 21st century; however this was a common practice in the early years. Those who advocate for corporal punishment, base their arguments on the need to discipline children, as an effective form of child rearing. Needless to say, pro-spanking is a debatable issue, which depends on how parents and teachers define this practice.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pro spanking in schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More For instance, some parents may define pro spanking as a mere slap, while others see the need to hit the child severally. Needless to say, in a society where crime rate is high, suspension alone, is not effective in cases of indiscipline in school; therefore, there is need to advocate for pro spanking as a form of discipline. This paper will discuss the importance of encouraging pro spanking in school. Advocating for pro-sp anking in schools Many countries such as the United States and Sweden have declared that corporal punishment has harmful effects on children; however these countries have suffered the consequences that arise from the ban of spanking. Kettle argues that since the ban of spanking in Sweden, child abuse rates rose over 500%, as a result the Swedish parents resulted to beating up their children, compared to the United States children, (Para 7). Deprivation of privileges and suspension as forms of punishment for children are not effective compared to pro- spanking. Pro spanking enables the child to understand the power of a teacher and his position. In addition, a child’s fear of pro spanking will act as a mechanism of maintaining discipline. The use of spanking in schools can only be effective when used appropriately as a disciplinary action; however over-using spanking may create a wrong impression for the student. Inflicting severe pain on a child, which leaves wounds and cuts is unacceptable and affect emotional well being of a child. However the correct use of spanking enables a student to understand his mistakes and avoid indiscipline practices. Millei, Griffiths and Parkers, emphasize on the need for behavior management, discipline, and management of the learning environment, therefore teachers result to different mechanisms of improving discipline, (2). As a result, discipline in schools maintains high standards, however it is important for the society to note the difference between pro spanking and physical abuse. Spanking causes pain to the targeted student, which aims at correcting his unethical behavior, whilst physical abuse involves use of force by an adult that can cause injury to the child, (Chang, Pettit, and Katsurada, 282).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More A study which involved interviewing college students regarding their attitude s towards spanking, revealed that: the respondents supported physical punishment in cases of indiscipline, (Chang, Pettit, and Katsurada, 282). Currently spanking is legal in several states of the United States, despite several critics facing pro spanking such as; a form of abuse, negative emotional effects and aggressive behaviors, discipline must be maintained. However pro spanking should not be misused, as it may create confusion among students, this traditional form of discipline should not be banned. Currently, it is the only method that can be successful, once used correctly. The book of proverbs 23:13 advocates for a child‘s discipline, whereby a guardian is encourage to embrace discipline, by the use of a rod, (Anthony and Canfield, 78). Refusal to embrace a child’s indiscipline practices, but instead administer punishment is a sign of love, once a minor learns that there are consequences for his actions; he will be reluctant to engage in unethical behavior. Whe n a child’s unethical behaviors are ignored by the school administration, there is a high probability that a child may not learn the importance of ethics; as a result, the possibility of delinquent behavior is high. Needless to say compared to other forms of discipline such as suspending, expelling or grounding a child, which all have short-term effects, pro-spanking has immediate effects and can be administered both in school and at home. When teachers administer pro spanking, wise students are capable of avoiding certain behaviors, which are likely to elicit punishment; in addition compliance from the child is fostered. Pro spanking in schools is a cost effective method of discipline, which does not require extra costs to maintain or administer, as compared to rehabilitation which may require high costs. Finally, a child can be disciplined with love at school, through the use of pro-spanking, when a teacher explains to the student the reason behind spanking, the student wil l avoid any behavior that could lead to the same experience, which inflicts pain. Conclusion Effective use of pro spanking in schools, fosters discipline, only if administered in non-abusive forms, which are safe and effective. When students learn that pro spanking can only be administered following indsciplinary actions, they will be in a position to accept the consequences of their actions.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Pro spanking in schools specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Needless to say, pro- spanking in schools must be handled with care, thereafter, positive character will be achieved in children. In addition, use of pro- spanking as a form of disciplining students in school, influences high grades, this is because the child is likely to devote his time on books, rather than in mischievous behavior. Anthony, Michelle and Canfield, Ken. A Theology for Family Ministry: B H Publishing Group, 2011. Web. http s://books.google.com/books?id=0rrYM8uOzm4Cpg=PA78dq=proverbs+23:+13+14hl=ensa=Xei=gXqKT43_IMrItAajleXaCwved=0CDoQ6AEwAg#v=onepageq=proverbs%2023%3A%2013%20-14f=false Chang, IJ., Pettit, Rebecca and Katsurada, Emiko. â€Å"Where and When to Spank: A Comparison between U.S. And Japanese College Students.† Journal of Family Violence: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc, (2006) 21:281–286.Web. http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer?vid=4hid=122sid=735efcc9-4f66-4944-9136-b3b2d06217b6%40sessionmgr14 Kettle, Theodore. Pro-Spanking Studies May Have Global Effect. NewsMax, 2010. Web. network54.com/Forum/198833/thread/1262937031/last-1263592600/Pro-Spanking+Studies+May+Have+Global+Effect Millei, Gregor., Griffiths, Tom, and Paerkes, Rebecca. Re-Theorizing Discipline in Education: Problems, Politics, Possibilities: Peter Lang Publishers, 2010. Web. https://books.google.com/books?id=79ujFPePbpkCpg=PA2dq=importance+of+pro-spanking+in+schoolshl=ensa=Xei=VGmKT8aiEcjcsg bL5bjbCwved=0CEgQ6AEwBA#v=onepageq=importance%20of%20pro-spanking%20in%20schoolsf=false

Managing Diversity at Cityside Financial Services Essay - 1

Managing Diversity at Cityside Financial Services - Essay Example It should be noted that the impact of diversity on human capital management and development is multi-dimensional, i.e. it has different forms and characteristics, being aligned with the environment and the culture of each organization. The above trend is verified in the literature published in the particular field. In accordance with Stalcup (2008) the promotion of diversity across an organization could be secured through a series of different plans; the introduction of succession policies that ensure diversity at all (or certain) levels of the organizational hierarchy would be a potential plan of such kind (Stalcup 2008, p.14). In other words, diversity could affect the human capital management of an organization by setting the criteria on which the succession policies of the specific organization will be based. At a next level, diversity sets the term under which the hiring process of an organization will be developed; this fact is highlighted in the study of Sistare et al. (2008, p.16) where emphasis is given on the importance of diversity for the specific part of an organization’s human capital management, i.e. the hiring process. Moreover, it is explained that diversity, as a criterion used for hiring staff, does not threaten the integration of the organization. ... organization’s retention and HR development policies (for instance, the training programs provided to employees of a particular organizational development); the rewarding policies of an organization should also take into consideration the needs for increased diversity in the workplace (Mathis et al. 2008, p.48) Apart from the issues discussed above, another fact should be made clear: diversity could also affect the organizational development in general, i.e. not just the human capital management processes. This issue is explained in the study of Vallabhaneni (2008); in the above study, reference is made to the need for restructuring of the organizational environment in order to promote diversity across a particular organization; in other words, organizations that strongly support diversity have often to update/ restructure their environment in order ‘to respond to the needs of diverse groups of employees’ (Vallabhaneni 2008, p.238). In this way, diversity is get i nvolved in an organization’s development, setting the rules for distributing tasks and organizing activities across the particular organization. The direct involvement of diversity in organizational development is made clear through the following fact: diversity in the workplace has been among the key trends of the human capital management of the 21st century (Lewis et al. 2006, p.20); HR managers who are most capable of responding to the needs of diversity in the workplace are most likely to succeed in organizations of various industrial sectors (Lewis et al. 2006, p.20). In this way, diversity becomes one of the criteria for evaluation of the capability of HR managers to face the challenges of modern market; it is expected that their decisions will be also aligned with the need for increased

How technolgy and information system asserts commercial and industrial Essay

How technolgy and information system asserts commercial and industrial trade - Essay Example technologies and how these in unison with each other form the rationale for the exact basis of the changing business trends, ever so often adopted fads and so on and so forth. (Fitzgerald, 2000) It is quite possible to think of the changing technological regimes in the context of present day business scenarios but when one looks at them from a global standpoint, the ideology related with the technological market can be nothing else but considered flawed in the real sense of the word. For this not to happen, one needs to study the technological angles that are set in individual countries and then categorize them with the regional or on a broader context, continental basis. After this has happened, one could go on and introduce the respective technology on a worldwide footing. All this needs proper understanding of business insights, foreseeable changes in the related scheme of things and a general know-how with regards to the strategies, tactics and activities that an industrial trade or commerce entity would entail whilst keeping in mind the entire business perspective. Technology is advancing at a rapid speed and due to this factor, the business perspectives need to be aligned with these regimes so that in the end there is a complete mesh between the technological advancements and the manner in which they are exploited upon by the commerce and industrial circles, both at the client side as well as the ones who are designing for it, i.e., the advertising agency. (Streeter, 2000) The changes have happened not only on the scientific advancements’ side but also at the forefront of business scenarios which have seemingly changed their stance towar ds the improved and enhanced technologies with the passage of time. However this requires a special effort from the people who are at the helm of affairs within the commerce and industrial circles relating that with the technological settings since this aligning is so very vital to the overall effect and the consequences

MARKETING PLAN Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

MARKETING PLAN - Term Paper Example These are individuals/ groups who wish to be in control of their spending, those who are budget conscious and are always in the lookout for good finds and bargains so they could maximize their budget. They will most likely shop in a supermarket that offers one of the lowest prices. They will be interested in a place that is haven for those who wish to stretch their budget. Target market includes both men and women who are contributing to the earnings of the household. They are the decision makers who are in control of identifying which products to purchase for the daily needs of the house. Secondary target market are the children and younger ones who also have great influence in the purchasing decisions of their parents/ guardians. Wal-mart will retail standard supermarkets, both dry and wet goods. It will carry a wide range of products, from beauty and health care, to kitchen items and food, and even garments and small appliances. It will also have a snack counter where shoppers could stop by while finishing their shopping. It will be offer a one-stop shopping convenience that will provide the customers with all the necessary items they usually shop for when visiting a supermarket. Wal-mart will be a warehouse type of supermarket experience. It will have wide aisles, spacious shopping areas that best suit those who buy items in bulk. The store is designed to make shopping comfortable for its customers. Pricing will be competitive – the management will ensure that the store offers the lowest in the industry. The store will also offer loyalty programs for those who are frequent buyers. It will give additional discounts to members of this loyalty programs. Wal-mart will do promotions through local television and radio advertisements. It will also place occasional advertisements in local newspapers on a regular basis. Wal-mart will also do below-the-line advertising via ad placements in billboards situated in key areas in the cities.

Reflection on Assessment Feedback

Reflection on Assessment Feedback Examine and critically reflect upon the feedback given on your first assignment and draft a response to the feedback that demonstrates improvement on your work. In this feedback, Ill be analysing and examining ways I could improve my first assignment. This is the overall feedback I received for my work. You have discussed the principle of separate legal personality and provided examples from cases and academic opinions, but you have not provided your own analysis and opinion about the reform. Various spelling errors also detracts the flow of the essay. In order to improve, you need to summarise the position and form your analysis based on the research that you have made, so that you can critically evaluate the question that you are asked. Having corresponded this feedback this that of my assignment, I have noticed and indicated that areas that these errors occurred and have carefully examined and analysed ways that I can improve that assignment. After the introduction, I went on to the body of the assignment, to discuss the main principles by which unfortunately, I made a repetition of what I previously stated in my introduction. With my next assignment, I will be sure to keep the introduction short and a subtle description of what I will be discussing, without going into a lot of detail as that will only lead to a repetition. Another key factor of my feedback was that, although I did very well to talk about the work with all the relevant articles and legal cases to back it up but unfortunately, I didnt provide enough of my own analysis to demonstrate that I understand the work and my knowledge about the topic. I could have gone into my depth about the Principles of Salomon and the importance of separate legal personality. [1]Lightman J in Acalos and Hutcheson plc v Watson [1995] 1 BCLC 218 well-thought-out that, the principle of separate legal personality must be upheld, except there was to be a precise statutory provision to say otherwise. He said,[2] outside these exceptions (the company) is entitled to organise and conduct its affairs in the expectation that the court will apply the principle of Salomon v A Salomon Co Ltd in the ordinary way. The essential perception of corporative nature, is something that is very much regarded. That is why if the Salomon decision was to be disregarded now, its presence plays a key influence and without it, there could be damaging effects on those individuals such as the shareholders, the creditors and the economy. Little modifications to the corporate model will be essential in entailing a vigilant deliberation for the inadvertent penalties, that it may cause in what is a considered a vastly multifaceted zone. Salomon v Salomon Co Ltd, is without a doubt a landmark case in company law, with the most important decision that was made by the courts, influencing the legal system. It is important that, the principle of Salomon to be sustained and to be engaged in the law, at least until some alternative yet effective methods of reform has been established. Until then, this will be the most effective way to go in helping with decision making, in case laws. [3]It cannot be precisely said when or in what case/situation the courts may decide that they will lift the corporate veil, and to seek whether to look aside from the separate legal personality of the company. In this case, it will be better if this situation of not incorporating the separate legal personality only applied to situations where the courts are sure that this doctrine will be used for unfitting resolutions. It is important that company directors become very vigilante and careful with how they control and manage their businesses, to avoid in future legal battles over their assets. Do not forget that the courts can be very resourceful to find ways and means of a defence to prevent the use of the separate legal personality of the cooperation, so that it can deal with any unlawful effort to use this as any means of an excuse. The corporate veil shouldnt be pierced if it is thought that the company may be using this as an opportunity to cover up their true purpose by using a veil as a means of avoiding any liability that may be to come. Demonstrated in the case of [4]Adams v Adams Industries Plc [1990] Ch 433 which is about separate legal personality and limited liability of shareholders. The case additionally tended to long-standing issues under the English clash of laws in the matter of when a business would be inhabitant in a remote purview with the end goal that the English courts would perceive the international courts over the business. The decision made in [5]Lubbe v Cape Plc [2000] UKHL 41 by the House of Lords and the historic choice in [6]Chandler v Cape plc [2012] EWCA Civ 525 holds that, an immediate obligation might be owed in tort by a primary business to that of the person injured. The significant findings were that the secondary verdict was, Cape plc had presumed obligation for the health a nd safety of its employees and, those affiliates about asbestos. There are many factors from reflecting on my previous assignment along with my feedback, that will benefit me in my future assignments. I know that for my next assignment it is very essential that I apply more of my own opinion with backing articles and legal evidence to support my statements, rather than to state facts only. I also noticed that I made two spelling errors in my first assignment, that I was blindsided by. I have taken a vigilante note of this for my upcoming assignments, to make sure that I give myself enough time to read over my work, before handing in my assignments. Bibliography Books Bourne N, Bourne on company law (4th edn, Routledge-Cavendish 2010) 11 McLaughlin S, Unlocking company law (Routledge 2015) Wild C and Weinstein S, Smith Keenans company law (Pearson Education 2016) Websites Adams v cape industries plc: CA 2 Jan 1990, (Company, 13 July 2016) accessed 20 December 2016 Lubbe and others v cape Plc: CA 24 Aug 1999, (International, 6 July 2015) accessed 20 December 2016 BAILII, Chandler v cape Plc [2012] EWCA civ 525 (25 april 2012) (2012) accessed 20 December 2016 Cases Hutcheson plc v Watson [1995] 1 BCLC 218 Adams v Adams Industries Plc [1990] Ch 433 Lubbe v Cape Plc [2000] UKHL 41 Chandler v Cape plc [2012] EWCA Civ 525 [1] Nicholas Bourne, Bourne on company law (4th edn, Routledge-Cavendish 2010) 11 [2]  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚   Nicholas Bourne, Bourne on company law (4th edn, Routledge-Cavendish 2010) 11 [3] Susan McLaughlin, Unlocking company law (Routledge 2015) [4] Adams v cape industries plc: CA 2 Jan 1990, (Company, 13 July 2016) accessed 20 December 2016 [5] Lubbe and others v cape Plc: CA 24 Aug 1999, (International, 6 July 2015) accessed 20 December 2016 [6] BAILII, Chandler v cape Plc [2012] EWCA civ 525 (25 april 2012) (2012) accessed 20 December 2016

Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago :: Othello essays

Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago In today's society, nothing is really what it seems.   Those great "free-bees" you win are never really free and no deal is really as good as it sounds.   Even people don't seem to be stable anymore because they are always changing to fit the current trend or to blend in with the newest "crowd".   They live their lives covered with a mask and they forget or don't want to be what is most important, themselves, and this is what is called pretending.   The idea of "pretending" is when someone "seems" or acts to be something they are not.   Although we see this happening a lot today, the act of pretending goes back much further.   The act of "pretending" has been used in a lot of early British literature, and it is here that we can see that it can be used for both good and evil purposes.   A good example of each of these is found in Elizabeth's life and writings, and Shakespeare's play, Othello, in the character of Iago.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although it is not that common, the act of pretending can be used in a good way.   This is seen in Queen Elizabeth.   Elizabeth Tudor came to the throne of England in 1558.   During this time, there was a great amount of religious upheaval because England was going through periods of Catholic and Protestant rule.   Elizabeth, being a woman on the throne, had to demonstrate to her people that she was fit to rule the country and would do everything for their best interest.   In order to do this, Elizabeth had to seem to be something she was not.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature states, "throughout her long reign she cultivated two personas . . . As a monarch, she could speak courageously...; as a woman, she could convey understanding..." (475).   In this respect, Elizabeth had to be strong and use her "pretending" for the good of the people, while not showing too much emotion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During her time as queen, Elizabeth addressed parliament both on the subjects of marriage and on her loyalty to her country.   Perhaps she did this because she was questioned about leaving an heir to the throne.   To answer this Elizabeth wrote, And albeit it might please Almighty God to continue me still in this mind to live out of the state of marriage. Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago :: Othello essays Pretending by Queen Elizabeth and Othello’s Iago In today's society, nothing is really what it seems.   Those great "free-bees" you win are never really free and no deal is really as good as it sounds.   Even people don't seem to be stable anymore because they are always changing to fit the current trend or to blend in with the newest "crowd".   They live their lives covered with a mask and they forget or don't want to be what is most important, themselves, and this is what is called pretending.   The idea of "pretending" is when someone "seems" or acts to be something they are not.   Although we see this happening a lot today, the act of pretending goes back much further.   The act of "pretending" has been used in a lot of early British literature, and it is here that we can see that it can be used for both good and evil purposes.   A good example of each of these is found in Elizabeth's life and writings, and Shakespeare's play, Othello, in the character of Iago.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Although it is not that common, the act of pretending can be used in a good way.   This is seen in Queen Elizabeth.   Elizabeth Tudor came to the throne of England in 1558.   During this time, there was a great amount of religious upheaval because England was going through periods of Catholic and Protestant rule.   Elizabeth, being a woman on the throne, had to demonstrate to her people that she was fit to rule the country and would do everything for their best interest.   In order to do this, Elizabeth had to seem to be something she was not.   The Longman Anthology of British Literature states, "throughout her long reign she cultivated two personas . . . As a monarch, she could speak courageously...; as a woman, she could convey understanding..." (475).   In this respect, Elizabeth had to be strong and use her "pretending" for the good of the people, while not showing too much emotion.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During her time as queen, Elizabeth addressed parliament both on the subjects of marriage and on her loyalty to her country.   Perhaps she did this because she was questioned about leaving an heir to the throne.   To answer this Elizabeth wrote, And albeit it might please Almighty God to continue me still in this mind to live out of the state of marriage.

Trait-Based Pespectives of Leadership, Zaccaro (2007)

AbstractThis paper is an academic critique of an observational study research article written by Stephen J. Zaccaro (2007) entitled, Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership. The trait-based perspective on leadership was dismissed by many scientific leadership researchers in the mid-20th century. A primary reason was that the research did not account for situational variance in leadership behavior. Quantitative analysis of leadership was difficult in the past. Recent improvements in research methods, such as statistics, have led to resurgence of interest in trait-based leadership theory.Zaccaro (2007) called for researchers to address fundamental issues or critical points, which he defined. He identified a defining core of leadership traits that transcend organizational domains. Finally, he summarized a multistage model that predicts various traits having more distal or proximal effects, accordingly. The author concludes with proposing future directions of research with the goal of ide ntifying universal qualities of effective leaders. IntroductionThe purpose behind this critique is to evaluate an observational study, published in 2007, by Stephen J. Zaccaro entitled, Trait-Based Perspectives of Leadership. The globally popular trait-based theory of leadership of the early 20th century lost credibility after World War II. Advances in quantitative analysis methods, concepts, and statistical models provided empirical data that challenged studies that had rejected leader trait models. Zaccaro postulated that by refining common traits and attributes of effective leaders into universally standard categories, such commonalities could be analyzed quantitatively.The author introduced four critical points to be considered in models and theories on trait-based leadership. First, the refinement of multiple leader traits and attributes must be made. Secondly, studies should address how joint combinations of characteristics have an influence on behavior. In this way he explain s the curvilinear  relationships of traits with outcomes that were used to discredit leadership-trait theories. Computer models may now calculate complex multiplicative and curvilinear relationships that were confounders in the past.Third, particular situations may predict success or failure depending various traits. Fourth, similar leader traits may be stable in cross situations while others may be situation-bound. Zacarro (2007) went on to provide a broader definition of leader trait that is focused on personality attributes. He then identified actual traits that are distally and proximally influenced by situational parameters. He then illustrated a multistage model that predicts various traits having more distal or proximal effects. MethodologyThe author conducted a literature review to build his four critical points. In this manner he was also able to refine the meaning of successful and effective leadership as, â€Å"fundamentally, influencing others by establishing a collec tive effort and managing, shaping, and developing the collective activities†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (p. 9). He then clarified the role of situations into three circumstances which he calls arguments.He analyzed models of leader individual difference and performance into his own, entitled, A Model of Leader Attributes and Leader Performance.Findings and InterpretationsThis category is not applicable in this case since the proposed model has not been tested sufficiently.ConclusionsThe author concludes with proposing a number of possible future directions of research with the goal of identifying universal qualities of effective leaders. His belief is that these recommendations combined with modern methodological and statistical resources will help reach this goal.

Starting a NPO Essays

Starting a NPO Essays Starting a NPO Essay Starting a NPO Essay The proposed Not for profit (NPO) will be a charitable organization with interests in assisting students from low-income backgrounds in their preparations for ACT/SAT.   The first step before starting an NPO is to identify the felt needs of the community.   In this case the problems and challenges majority of the people undergo while preparing for ACT/SAT is a truly felt need amongst the local community members. The above is the major reason for setting up a NPO. Lack of enough funds leads to such students’ mission opportunities which means they are likely to continue being marginalized even in the job market. The urge to help out the people is what drives the need for forming the NPO. Once the need is established, the next step involves registering the NPO in the suitable category, in this case, as a charitable organization.   The Board of Directors plays managerial roles touching on the day-to-day activities of the organization such as fund raising, financial management as well as planning (Anderson, Dunkelberg, 1990).   To select Board members, the criteria involve selection of individuals who are experienced and are of unquestionable character. The chief executive requires being experienced in entrepreneurial management and with an experience of not less than 5 years in a similar capacity. During the incorporation, filing of articles of incorporation is required; this requires signatures of the Board of Directors to be appended in the application.   The articles of association are very crucial in the setting up of an NPO since the stipulation steps necessary for amendment of laws, process such as nomination, expulsion, financial processes, management cyc le, as well as steps to follow up in winding up. In setting up a NPO, the first thing is counter checking whether the chosen name is already in use by another group, if the proposed name is in use, then a unique name should be used and once verified, the NPO should be registered.   It is very necessary for the NPO to be filed with the local state authority through the NPO local offices.   Minutes of Board of Directors meeting and references are all necessary before setting up of an NPO and have to be produced in registration.   The identification of credible funding sources is also very crucial, in reality; a NPO has to incur costs hence the need to s solicit funds for its charitable works. The other necessary step in setting up a NPO is to identify sponsors willing to contribute towards the mission of the NPO. Sponsors can be corporate sector, churches and individuals all of which can gain from their goodwill activities in terms of receiving publicity. Once donors have been identified, one needs to establish communication structures to avoid conflicts and to ensure accountability and therefore achievement of NPO’s goals and objectives. NPOs usually are faced by financial problems and therefore are supposed to take every step to save operational costs. To minimize expenditure, NPOs can file for tax exemption. To file for tax exemption at the local tax authorities the NPO is supposed to have been incorporated with proper articles of association.   NPOs are also supposed to fill forms clarifying the purpose of the NPO as well as financial information form. Conclusion Setting up a NPO is a tedious and cumbersome exercise in the U.S. with a lot of duplicating functions, there is a need for different states to streamline the registration process in order to make it possible for those who have the will to help out in certain causes. There needs to be a one-stop shop in every state and county to help sort out all registration hassles.

Free Essays on Grey Street

and comparisons you used in your speech to them was somewhat ludicrous. Let it be known that no man would be proud to say they knew these kids on that afternoon, yet to draw out and develop the situation using the examples as far as you did simply was far fetched and unjust action. To first of all mention that ND’s proud and high standing reputation was tarnished and â€Å"knocked down a peg,† is a fair and true fact. However, to challenge these boys to question their own morale and think about how badly they hurt the school’s name was blown out of proportion. To accuse them of disgusting the 4,000 fans in attendance is something you should feel bad about exaggerating. Not only could the chants and noises of the ND student section not be heard very clearly on the other side of the arena, but also Fairfield’s side had many discriminating chants that you failed to acknowledge. Furthermore many of the spectators on Notre Dame’s side were middle school children, who I distinctly witnessed many of them wide-eyed and awed at the students’ energy and support of their team. You all accused them of chasing people away from our school in essence, when in fact many of the children in the building definitely felt all the more reaso n to attend ND, given the fact that thei! r student body was so plentiful, supportive, and energetic during the game. If anything, they realized ND students stick together and support one another whole-heartedly. To lecture them on how the fans didn’t â€Å"even support your fellow teamma... Free Essays on Grey Street Free Essays on Grey Street To whom it may concern: Today, the twelfth of March 2001, I was informed that many of your students were reprimanded for their actions during Saturday’s hockey contest. While I too was in attendance and do believe the fans were both boisterous and out of line, there are indeed several aspects to recognize. I will first of all establish that I do not condone the way in which the boys carried themselves; however, the words and comparisons you used in your speech to them was somewhat ludicrous. Let it be known that no man would be proud to say they knew these kids on that afternoon, yet to draw out and develop the situation using the examples as far as you did simply was far fetched and unjust action. To first of all mention that ND’s proud and high standing reputation was tarnished and â€Å"knocked down a peg,† is a fair and true fact. However, to challenge these boys to question their own morale and think about how badly they hurt the school’s name was blown out of proportion. To accuse them of disgusting the 4,000 fans in attendance is something you should feel bad about exaggerating. Not only could the chants and noises of the ND student section not be heard very clearly on the other side of the arena, but also Fairfield’s side had many discriminating chants that you failed to acknowledge. Furthermore many of the spectators on Notre Dame’s side were middle school children, who I distinctly witnessed many of them wide-eyed and awed at the students’ energy and support of their team. You all accused them of chasing people away from our school in essence, when in fact many of the children in the building definitely felt all the more reaso n to attend ND, given the fact that thei! r student body was so plentiful, supportive, and energetic during the game. If anything, they realized ND students stick together and support one another whole-heartedly. To lecture them on how the fans didn’t â€Å"even support your fellow teamma...

Online learning bibliography Annotated Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Online learning - Annotated Bibliography Example For instance, knowledge construction via collaborative discussion is vital since collaboration methods sequence, define, and assign learning activities to distinct learners and can in turn facilitate activities such as construction of arguments during discussions. Leer, R., & Ivanov, S. (2013). Rethinking the future of learning: The possibilities and limitations of technology in education in the 21st century. International Journal of Organizational Innovation, 5(4), 14-20. In this article, the author argues that technology is very important in data analysis. By the use of computers, one can assess quantitative data of great magnitude and at a very fast speed much faster than any person can accomplish. Moreover, technology saves on time in data analysis with certain appropriate software in that one can easily analyze data by just entering it in a computer specifying the characteristic to be checked and within no time, the results are ready. Therefore, via online learning, students will be able to access important data at a fast rate and easily. Marchetti, C., & Long, G. (2011). The Importance of Interaction for Academic Success in Online Courses with Hearing, Deaf, and Hard-of-Hearing Students. Retrieved 16 March 2014 from http://www.irrodl.org/index.php/irrodl/article/view/1015/1952 In this article, the authors state that online learning is rapidly growing because of advancement in technology. The authors argue that online learning is the best method of learning since it gives a student more interaction options. For instance, online learning promotes student-student interaction and student-instructor socialization, which increases quality of information dissemination. Via online learning, students are in a position to talk directly to their teachers and fellow students using discussion forum features and chat messaging of

Writing Style Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Writing Style - Research Paper Example For me, the writing process involves several challenges. The first one is organizing ideas. I am lucky to have a teacher in my primary years who emphasized the importance of organization in writing. That teacher taught me that in every composition I make, I should take the initial step of organizing my ideas. I could still remember the exercises we had on outlining, with the main topics and subtopics organized under some roman numerals and letters. This training in writing has been very valuable to me because it makes writing easy. An organized essay is easier to read and understand. In addition, teachers appreciate an organized essay with the main ideas carefully laid out in separate paragraphs. As I move along in schooling, I learned about the challenge of composing a thesis statement. I believe that training students to make plausible thesis statements should be an important aim of Writing teachers. Teaching students to make thesis statements will enable them to achieve emphasis and organization. Identifying the thesis statement goes along with outlining. The thesis statement serves as the guide in expounding a topic and composing paragraphs to make up the essay. In my experience, establishing the thesis statement allows me to expound on the topic without going beyond it. Nevertheless, I still have to improve the way I construct a thesis statement and introduce it in the first part of my composition. The next challenge is expounding ideas. Some people find it easy to expound ideas on any topic. Maybe they are gifted with a lot of information to write about. In my case, I find expounding ideas easy when I am interested in the topic. Personal experience, home decorating, gardening, and entrepreneurship are some topics I find easier to write about, whereas sports, statistics, and environmental issues are some of my waterloos. Academic writing, unlike other forms of writing, also challenges me to use outside sources.

Automotive component Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Automotive component - Assignment Example It is part of the wheels of the machine which offer a lot of advantages in the automobile ensemble, as well as within the auto industry in general. The wheels make the automobiles run, and the tires are the coverings of the wheels to make the ride pleasant. They protect the total ensemble from crumbling into pieces when they are used. What are tires ? Tires are parts of automobile that provides the coverings for wheels that is used for the general locomotion of the whole machine. They are black donut like forms generally made up of rubber and other complex materials. Tires make the automobiles steer, brake and corner easily along the road. The presence of tires makes the ride comfortable and safe. Tires must be durable and they make the automobiles last for long time. What are Tires Made of? Tires are products of engineering technology mostly made up of rubber. Rubber compounds come from polymers such as Natural Rubber, Isoprene Rubber, Styrene Butadiene and others. They are mixed wi th softeners, reinforcement materials and other various chemicals. Mostly, natural rubber coming from rubber trees are the preferred materials used to manufacture tires. Rubbers are the most suitable materials for tires because they have high tear strength, wear resistance, impact resilience, and low heat generation. In order for the rubbers to achieve such characteristics, they are subjected to heat and pretreated with various chemicals. The rubber materials are enhanced with substances such as waxes and antioxidants. These substances protect the rubber from aging and wearing caused by heat, ozone and deflection. Tires are structured with steel cords to provide reinforcement and strong body. These steel cords have high level of carbon content to assure that the tires would have superior tensile strength with high modulus of elasticity in the entire length. The total performance of tires depends upon the construction of these cords to assure that tires are durable and would last a l ong period of time (Tire Materials, n.d). What are the design parameters of tires? Tires look simple from the outside, but they are actually mixtures of various materials processed and designed through sophisticated equipment and facilities. They are intricately formed and manufactured so as to make them durable, flexible, and make them last long. There are many parameters in the design of tires to consider them as those having high quality. Tires are designed with tread, beads and sidewalls. Treads are the patterned and molded surfaces that come in contact with the road surface. The body and sidewalls gives the shape of the tire and the rubber covered beads embedded with metals and wires holds the wheel tires. The tread depth is the parameter that shows the wear and tear of the tire. It can be measured through the difference of the top of the rubber tread with the bottom of the deepest grooves of the tire. The tread wear percentage is calculated for the remaining usability of the e ntire tire. Tires have maximum load. The load of the tire is related to the overall size and diameter of the tire. Tires with higher loads are considered to have stronger internal construction. Tires are also marked with their allowable inflation pressure for the general safe operation for tires with specific load ratings. Every tire has an allowable recommended inflation pressure

A selectively membrane means that the cell membrane can only control over certain things Essay Example for Free

A selectively membrane means that the cell membrane can only control over certain things Essay Osmosis is the diffusion of water through a selectively permeable membrane. A selectively membrane means that the cell membrane can only control over certain things that come in and out through the membrane. A membrane is just the structure surrounding the cell. Throughout osmosis, the cell could either get larger, or smaller. If the cell gets larger it means that it was put into a hypotonic solution, and result to the cell exploding. If the cell gets smaller, it means it was put in a hypotonic solution. If nothing happens to the cell, that means it was put in an isotonic solution. Once a cell starts to get smaller, it will shrivel. The difference between osmosis and diffusion is that diffusion is the process by which molecules move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. Methods: To test, and see the difference between osmosis and diffusion, my group and I conducted three different labs. The first lab we had completed was one where you put an Elodea leaf under the microscope. As step one we put it on a microscope slide, put a few drops of water on top of it, and observed it under the microscope. As step two, we put a few drops of salted water on the leaf, and observed it underneath the microscope. Then we compared the differences in the leaf before and after. After looking at the two different images, it was clear that osmosis had taken place. The leaf in the salt water had become more shriveled; you could also see it a lot better, obvious that something had taken place. The second lab that we had done involved carrots, and took three days to complete. We first got two cups and filled them halfway with water, in one of them we out one tablespoon of salt. After labeling the salted cup, we then took two carrots. On each carrot we tied a piece of string to it, and soaking each of them in the water. Before we could put either of the carrots into a cup, we described the textures of them. We then put Carrot 1 into the water, while Carrot B went into the salted water. After about three days, we went back and got the carrots out of the water. Some of the observations we had noticed was that Carrot 1 had gotten sturdier, much harder. Carrot 2 on the other hand had gotten rough spots, and pretty bendy overall. Both of the carrots had gotten bigger. Knowing that osmosis had taken place, the task was now to figure out if it was hypertonic, or hypotonic. Knowing that Carrot 1 had gotten bigger, and much firmer, we knew that hypotonic osmosis had taken place. Since Carrot 2 was supposed to get smaller, we assumed that hypertonic osmosis had taken place, because the carrot was supposed to shrink and get smaller, meaning that the salt would’ve pulled out the natural waters in Carrot 2. The third lab we had done we tested the amount of glucose that would have diffused out of the baggie. First we took a graduated cylinder and poured 15ml of prepared glucose into it. Next we took a dialysis tube that had been soaking in water and tied a knot in one end. With the unknotted end, we carefully poured the 15ml of glucose in. After tying a knot in the open end, noting the coloring of the bag, determining if glucose was present in the tube using an indicator strip and seeing that there wasn’t any we went ahead and put 250 ml of distilled water along with one ml of potassium iodide (IKI) and the dialysis bag into our beaker. Once we had noted that inside of the dialysis bag it was clear, the beaker was brown because of the IKI, and that there was glucose inside of the dialysis bag, but not the beaker, we were ready to wait 30 minutes to move onto the next set of steps. After the long 30 minutes, we removed the dialysis bag from the beaker. Next we recorded data from the dialysis bag which was sugar, and glucose present. The color went from clear to a light blue, and there was still glucose present. The data from the beaker had also changed, the color had stayed the same, but the glucose present had changed, because in the beginning the beaker didn’t have any glucose, but now the distilled water had some. We knew that the glucose from the dialysis bag, had come out and into the beaker, and we knew that it had to be through diffusion because it wasn’t just water in the beaker. Results: In doing these three labs, we had learned the difference between osmosis and diffusion and we had also learned some very important vocabulary. For our first lab we had done, with the leaf, we had learned that osmosis had taken place, and because of osmosis, the leaf had expanded a lot. The leaf became more visible underneath the microscope, but with the naked eye, it had become a lot smaller, and shriveled. In this lab hypertonic osmosis had taken place, because the salt from the salt water had brought the natural waters out of the leaf, and before you knew it the leaf under the microscope was much smaller. In our second lab we had discovered that both of the carrots went through a phase of osmosis. Carrot 1 had gone through hypotonic osmosis, where the water goes through the cell membrane. The water moves from the outside in, which explains why the carrot was bigger, and why it was much more firm than Carrot 2 which had gone through hypertonic osmosis, meaning that the salt in the cup/beaker had gone through the cell membrane, and basically soaked up the natural water in the carrot, and transferring it into the water inside the cup causing for the carrot to be shriveled up and smaller. In our third lab, we had saw diffusion for the first time. It is almost just like osmosis, except osmosis is only water and salts, and sugars. In this lab we had used potassium iodide in the water, making it not only water. The experiment had gone well, and we got the results we had wanted. The thin dialysis bag had a certain amount of sugar in it, while the beaker it was laying in had absolutely none. In the end, the beaker had shown a significant amount of sugar in it, and because the potassium iodide could not pass through the dialysis bag, the sugar went ahead and came out of the bag, making the process of diffusion complete. Discussion: All three of these labs worked out, and ended pretty well except our second lab, the carrot lab. Our data had shown that the weight after being soaked for three days of the carrots weren’t any different, they had both gained weight. But that had made no sense to us because the carrot that was in the salt water should’ve shrunk and not gained weight. Some of the errors that could’ve gone wrong were that we may not have put enough salt in the cup for anything to actually take place. But because we had known what was supposed to happen, we had an idea of what actually happen, and the fact that the characteristics of everything of a shrunken cell had taken place, besides the fact that the carrot had gained a little bit of weight. References: Lab Worksheets. Crazy Carrots Cellular Transport Vocabulary AP Bio Lab 1 Osmosis and Diffusion Lab Activity Elodea Leaf Lab Acknowledgements: Thank you Miss. Pagano for teaching me the difference between osmosis and diffusion and for writing up these labs to help my classmates and I understand it better and much easier!

Mission And Goals Of Marks And Spencer Commerce Essay

Mission And Goals Of Marks And Spencer Commerce Essay MS has been acknowledged as a legendary UK retailing organization and therefore they are exemplars of best practice in society. MS in a western world is a managerial giant (Drucker, 1974). It has been identified as one of the best managed companies in Europe (Tse, 1985). MS corporate objectives are laid down in its Mission statement which is Making aspirational quality accessible to all and this is the base which tells us what the business and what it should be in the future. In its mission statement the MS outlined clothing and food business as its core business but financial objectives such as shareholder wealth maximisation is also taken into account as this helps in occupying more market share and so increased its sales. MS have a strong tradition of corporate social responsibility as they want it to be integrated into all their operations at every level. There are three main generic strategies that can be adopted by any company including MS where the customers are ready to pay a premium and this can be achieved by differentiating its product and services in such manner that it is valued by the customers. Therefore MS has adopted focussed differentiation strategy in food and clothing industry but its market share is relative low with low industry growth whereas Financial services industry growth output is very high but MS market share in it is very low and which demands substantial capital investment in the market to turn them into Stars according to BCG Matrix. MS targets mostly the age of 30 plus with high disposable income to spend like executive class and they value them and therefore many of its products are highly priced though high quality is maintained. Although MS, Clarks, Faith and Office are in a high quality segment where others like Top shop and River Island ends as a medium priced segment but these can be outweighed in fashion market of shoes and clothes and because of all these variations in Individual styles and spending habits, MS must plan for an idea which counteracts the risks around its strategic choices because there are various risks in terms of focus strategies in that imitation and changes in the target market and due to this it makes an easy entry of foreign player which is broad market cost leader that can easily adopt MS products in order to compete directly and gaining the market share hence therefore to tackle and survive in the cut throat competition of super markets where Giants as Asda, Tesco and Sainsbury, they need to have a contingency plan and bend their strategies in terms of focussed differentiation and adopt cost leadership. In recent years MS has started corporate social responsibility as an effective tool to increase awareness among different generations to differentiate them from their competitors and this is possible with proper drive for innovation across all its Strategic business units(SBU) where they have to generate strategies at SBU level. This has been done continuously by MS now such as Sustainable fishing, organic colouring of clothes, salt reduction, animal welfare and fair-trade. The strategy process which has started in 2006 when labelling has been done as a part of an integrated communication drive to state their position on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and this was the first time since its origin that MS have involved its stakeholders on such a scale and this CSR issue has been promoted through national advertising, in-store dà ©cor, MS website and the main communication channel among its employees. They provide a huge range of clothing, food, home and beauty products that are established through longstanding core values quality and service, through innovation, value and trust. The trust we are talking about is the bond between the company and its customers, its employees and shareholders and this trust was integrated among all to achieve success for the business. The management team confirmed it once again that the companys promise to its core values and aggressively used CSR is an integral part of refining and improving commercial performance and customer loyalty. (Paul Myners, Chairman and Stuart Rose, Chief Executive, 2004) In conclusion each business unit known as (SBU) Strategy Business units of MS needs to develop a its own CSR strategy that helps that specific unit to measure and tackle its risks and opportunities that may rise from its market position, its customer base, its product range and quality and its supply chain which is of utmost importance. For example MS has identified sixteen separate core issues relates to their business which comprises of health, labor standards, packaging, fair-trade etc. and through strategic intent they are able to develop clear strategy and position on each issue. MS Culture The culture of any company plays an important role and so for Marks and Spencer as culture is all about people and the way in which they interact with each other in the organisation and that is crucial for the company while making their decisions. MS should have positive culture which may influence the decision making process that can help to achieve excellence in their business and it is possible only when both management and its employees work together and thinks the same. In simple words culture in any organisation is the way the things are done to achieve business goals and objectives. MS culture (Their way of doing things) since it originated: MS were heavily dependent on British suppliers and thus not strived for cheaper buying from overseas market. MS have a centralized system of buying from the central office which is an old formula and incurs cost heavily as movement of goods increases. The store managers of MS followed central direction on store design and layout, training and development, merchandising and so on which makes the store identical where local discretion is limited. The managers were restrained to respond to the local needs of the customers as there were severe restrictions. MSs organization structure can be categorized as reflection which is taken for granted fashion and this type of attitude is shared among the members of the organization. The societal beliefs and basic assumptions operate among the members automatically. These basic assumptions and taken for granted fashion have taken MS roots from the basis of the organisational success. The rationale behind a particular manner in which people act and the reasons behind the action is not dependent on the blend of objective and subjective factors, but in a complex network of meanings as created and understood by the participants (Schutz, 1964). Its very important that employees act accordingly therefore at the end organisations do not react to their environment, its their members react due to changes in the environment within and outside the organization. The culture that originates out of MS is a customer specific or customer driven. This type of culture can be said when everyone in the business makes a deliberate but real effort whether the management or its employees to improve customer service. This can be achieved when good market research has been conducted, employing right people and giving them proper training and updated e-commerce technology is used. MS culture is dynamic and regards changes as opportunity and not as a threat and they are doing this because they are always looking for new ideas at any stage and this is where all employees and management are involved together to make it successful and achieve its goals and objectives. The People may act in terms of their own when facing any problem in work without regarding the observers explanation of the situation and thats why its very difficult to handle situations related to culture which is composed of management and employees (Silvermans, 1970). The key feature for sustainability in any organization is to change dynamically and evolve continuously to conquer with its environment in which it operates but this has not been done by MS and the firms failure in terms of its culture in words of Mr. Richard Greenbury, M S Chief executive from 1991, I think that the simple answer is that we followed absolutely and totally the principles of the business. I was the business with the aid of my colleagues based upon the very long-lasting and recognized ways of running it. (Johnson Scholes, 2001. Most of the researchers and analyst have found that MS had remained for the longer period with their traditional risk averseness formula then it was needed. MS can be concluded on the note that its organizational culture has led to failure in nurturing the dynamic nature of the organizations which has eventually led towards the fall of MS since the late 1990s. This effect of huge inequality between the organizations standard and their erratic environment is due to the changes in the Organizational culture. In present scenario MS is trying to hold the competitive nature of the business and trying its best to get back on the track and therefore they have no fear in implanting new strategies and new strategic approaches are being adopted and implemented to fasten the recovery of the business. References: Drucker, P. F. (1974). Management: Tasks Responsibilities Practices. Heinemann, London. Tse, K. K. (1985). Marks and Spencer Anatomy of Britains most efficiently managed company. Pergamon, Oxford. Johnson Scholes 2002 Strategic Management, Exploring Corporate Strategy Text Cases 6th Edition. Schutz 1964, Phenomenology, [Online], 4/12/05, Available from: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/schutz/

Literature for Use in Classroom Essay -- Education Educating Children

Literature for Use in Classroom Donna E. Norton's purpose in her book is "intended to help adults discover ways to share their enchantment with books, our literary heritage, and an appreciation for literature that will last a lifetime" (v). Teachers share that same goal. In selecting literature for a classroom, teachers need to take in account the following: the school's standards and benchmarks, the adopted sequential curriculum, the age of the students, their stages of language, cognitive, personality, and social development. Teachers need to have the literature curriculum set for the year, but flexible enough to meet the needs of the students in the classroom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Using the schools' standards is the first step in deciding how to use literature in the classroom. Standards tell what students should know and be able to do at each grade level in order to graduate and become productive lifelong learners. Standards exist in each content area with benchmarks written and aligned developmentally with each content area and grade levels. This criteria is what teachers use daily in their teaching process to make sure students are learning what is expected. During all this time, teachers need to continue to ask what is it that students know and should be able to do? The most important consideration may be that "children are the ultimate critics of what they read, and you should consider their preferences when evaluating and selecting books to share with them" (137). Teachers need to visualize the student's picture or perception of literature choices to best teach. Just teaching the material does not ensure that students will choose to l earn.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Looking at, or meeting the needs of all students, teachers must use a variety of literature material and instructional techniques. "The general characteristics of children at each developmental stage provides clues for appropriate literature. Certain books can benefit children during a particular stage of development, helping the children progress to the next stage" (5). Child development is defined through "the language, cognitive, personality, and social development of children" (5).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  "A literature program should have five objectives" (110). 1). to "help students realize that literature is for entertainment and can be enjoyed throughout life" (110) 2). to assist students in "acquainting children with t... ...r-pencil tests. Today, evaluation procedures can take place through obsevations, conferencing, oral and written assignments, student self and peer evaluation, and process or performance assessment. Teachers should plan to use a variety of evaluation techniques. Evaluation in literature, should include not only evaluation of student progress and teacher instruction, but also of the texts or books used.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The different types of literature used in a classroom includes the following: traditional literature, modern fantasy, peotry, contemporary realistic fiction, historical fiction, multicultural literature and non fictions biographies and or informational books. Teachers may set a yearly literature instructional plan by themes and or the above types of literature. The literature units may go accross the curriculum and align with all subjects. A picture wordless book may be used with an art unit. The theming may go from a personal context in literature looking at heritage integrated with social studies. During the year, student interest and abilities may determine the direction and content of instructional units. Most important units must be relevant and meaningful to students.